CRBD and pain status were assessed at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively. Postoperative meperidine requirement and patient and surgeon

satisfaction were assessed.

RESULTS: Group P had significantly lower CRBD scores at all time points except at 12 hours postoperatively compared with group C (P < 0.05). Total meperidine consumption was significantly higher in group C (P < 0.05). Patient and surgeon satisfaction C59 wnt scores were significantly higher in group P (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative single-dose paracetamol was found to be effective in reducing the severity of CRBD and pain in urologic surgery. We suggest that it may be an efficient, reliable, easy-to-apply drug for CRBD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01652183. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2012;73:186-194) (C) 2012 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.”
“In recent years, increasing evidence has selleck products been found that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a strong cardiovascular risk factor, and therefore, the concept of cardiorenal association is well recognized. One possible factor that could explain this link seems to be endothelial dysfunction. It is widely recognized that endothelial dysfunction plays important roles in both the initiation and progression

of atherosclerosis. In addition, we have come to understand that endothelial dysfunction may be a causative factor for proteinuria and/or progression of CKD. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring L-arginine analogue found in plasma and various types of tissues, acting as an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in vivo. Plasma levels of ADMA are elevated in patients with CKD and have been found to be a strong biomarker or predictor for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as the progression of renal injury. These

findings suggest that elevation of ADMA-mediated endothelial dysfunction may be a missing link between CVD and CKD. In this review, we discuss the biology of ADMA, especially focusing on its role in the progression of CKD.”
“BACKGROUND: Linezolid Selleck JQ1 (LZD), an oxazolidinone antibiotic agent, has excellent activity and bioavailability against most methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria. Although LZD is generally well tolerated, several studies have found adverse hematologic effects, of which thrombocytopenia is of most concern.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for thrombocytopenia in patients who received oral or parenteral LZD therapy between February 1 and November 30, 2010.

METHODS: Data were extracted retrospectively from the electronic medical records in our hospital information system. Thrombocytopenia was defined as either a final platelet count of <100 X 10(9)/L (criterion 1) or a 25% reduction from the baseline platelet count (criterion 2).

The minimal concentration of ethylene glycol (EG) on mouse oocyte survival and subsequent embryonic development was evaluated following vitrification-warming and parthenogenetic activation. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) combined with EG on mouse oocyte survival

and subsequent embryonic development as well as morphology of the spindle and chromosome alignment were also evaluated. Vitrification system was adapted with JY Straw and the cooling rate was approximately 442-500 A degrees C/min. In contrast, the warming rate was approximately 2,210-2,652 A degrees C/min.

Survival rate of oocytes increased significantly when 15 % EG was combined with 2 % PVP in vitrification solution (VS). The effect of combination of EG and PVP was not BMS-754807 cost significant when the concentration of EG was 20 % and higher. Although there were no significant

differences in embryonic development, the percentage of abnormal spindle and chromosome alignment was significantly higher in the oocytes without 2 % PVP in VS.

Our data provide a proof of principle for oocyte vitrification that may not require a this website high concentration of cryoprotectant. There are synergic effects of EG combined with PVP for oocyte vitrification, which may provide important information to the field in developing less cytotoxic VS.”
“Gastric cancers exhibit various degrees of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptakes on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FDG uptake in gastric cancer varies according to the microsatellite Barasertib nmr instability (MSI) status.

Consecutive gastric cancer patients who underwent PET/CT imaging and MSI analysis were included in the study. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of gastric cancer was assessed using PET/CT imaging.

Of 131 gastric cancers, 16 exhibited a high incidence of MSI (MSI-H) and 3 exhibited a low incidence of MSI (MSI-L). In 29 subjects who showed no uptake on PET/CT imaging the gastric cancers were all microsatellite stable (MSS).

Gastric cancers with MSI were related to age older than 60 years (p = 0.002), cancer volume larger than 10 cm(3) (p = 0.015), and the presence of FDG uptake on PET/CT imaging (p = 0.001). A higher SUVmax of gastric cancer was linked to the presence of MSI (p < 0.001).

The presence of MSI is related to FDG uptake in gastric cancer. Care should be taken with MSS gastric cancers, because they show lower SUVmax on PET/CT imaging than MSI gastric cancers.”
“A case of congenital rubella syndrome has been the reason to seek damages but a Civil Court of Rome sentenced against this and in favor of sued doctors. We discussed the high level of social attention and the feeling present in our western culture behind the request for damages.

Materials and Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective study with waiver of informed consent. A cell-based contour grouping (CBCG) segmentation algorithm was used to delineate the lesion boundaries automatically.

Seven morphologic features were extracted. The classifier was a logistic regression function. Five hundred twenty breast US scans were obtained from 520 subjects (age range, 15-89 years), including 275 benign (mean size, 15 mm; range, 5-35 mm) and 245 malignant (mean size, 18 mm; range, 8-29 mm) lesions. The newly developed computer-aided diagnostic algorithm was evaluated on the basis of boundary quality and differentiation performance. The segmentation algorithms and CHIR99021 features in two conventional computer-aided diagnostic algorithms BMS-754807 datasheet were used for comparative study.

Results: The CBCG-generated boundaries were shown to be comparable with the manually delineated boundaries. The area under the receiver operating

characteristic curve (AUC) and differentiation accuracy were 0.968 +/- 0.010 and 93.1% +/- 0.7, respectively, for all 520 breast lesions. At the 5% significance level, the newly developed algorithm was shown to be superior to the use of the boundaries and features of the two conventional computer-aided diagnostic algorithms in terms of AUC (0.974 +/- 0.007 versus 0.890 +/- 0.008 and 0.788 +/- 0.024, respectively).

Conclusion: The newly developed computer-aided diagnostic algorithm that used a CBCG segmentation method to measure boundaries achieved a high differentiation performance.”
“Lithium wall conditioning has been found to enhance plasma performance for graphite walled fusion devices such as TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX. Among observed plasma enhancements is a reduction in edge density and reduced deuterium recycling.

The mechanism by which lithiated graphite retains deuterium is largely unknown. Under controlled laboratory conditions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to observe the chemical changes that occur on ATJ graphite after lithium deposition. The chemical state GDC-0068 of lithiated graphite is found to change upon deuterium irradiation indicating the formation Li-O-D, manifest at 532.9 +/- 0.6 eV. Lithium-deuterium interactions are also manifest in the C 1s photoelectron energy range and show Li-C-D interactions at 291.2 +/- 60.6 eV. Post-mortem NSTX tiles that have been exposed to air upon extraction are cleaned and examined, revealing the chemical archaeology that formed during NSTX operations. XPS spectra show strong correlation (+/- 0.3 eV) in Li-O-D and Li-O peaks from post-mortem and control experiments, thus validating offline experiments. We report findings that show that deuterium is found to interact with lithium after lithium has already reacted with carbon and oxygen. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.

(J Cardiac Fail 2009;15:600-606)”
“Attention, Vorinostat working memory and long-term memory dysfunctions are the most commonly seen cognitive impairments in schizophrenic patients. Conflicting results exist regarding the effects of antipsychotics on cognitive abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the

effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs olanzapine (0.4, 0.8 and 1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) and clozapine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) on spatial working memory in naive and MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) treated BALB-c mice in an 8-arm radial arm maze (RAM) task. None of the antipsychotic drugs studied altered number of errors in naive mice, whereas MK-801 significantly increased working memory errors in RAM test. Olanzapine and clozapine potently reversed MK-801 induced increasement of working memory errors. Olanzapine and check details clozapine prolonged latency of the animals in naive mice. The MK-801-induced enhancement in the speed of mice in performing the RAM task was blocked by olanzapine but not clozapine. Our study

shows that atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and clozapine might improve cognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients.”
“AimCesarean delivery is associated with a significantly higher postoperative infection rate than that following vaginal birth and other surgical procedures. This study compared whether antibiotic prophylaxis administered preoperatively was more effective in preventing www.sellecn.cn/products/epz-5676.html infectious morbidity following cesarean delivery than administration at cord clamping.

Material and MethodsIn a randomized comparative trial, 953 women with a period of gestation of more than 34 weeks, scheduled to have cesarean section, were randomly assigned to the

prophylactic single-dose antibiotic administration either preoperatively (study group) or at cord clamping (control group). Primary outcome measure was postoperative maternal infectious morbidity and secondary outcome measures were neonatal complications, and postoperative maternal hospital stay and stay of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit.

ResultsWound complications in the form of indurations, erythema and discharge, were significantly fewer in the study group as compared to the control group (10/476 vs 25/477, P=0.010, conditional maximum likelihood estimate of odds ratio=0.388 and 95% confidence interval=0.175-0.805). Women in the study group also had fewer incidents of endomyometritis when compared to the control group (1.47% vs 3.56%; P=0.041; conditional maximum likelihood estimate of odds ratio=0.404). There was no significant difference in neonatal outcomes between the two groups. Mean postoperative stay of mothers in hospital was significantly shorter in the study group (P=0.009, 95% confidence interval=-0.368 to -0.052) but neonatal intensive care unit stay of neonates was similar in both groups.

6 months after the onset were referred to our clinic. Closed manipulation by careful manipulation under general anesthesia followed by external immobilization with a halo vest was performed in all cases. Radiographic findings and clinical courses were retrospectively reviewed with approvals by the institutional review board.

Results. Three-dimensional

computed tomography images before reduction revealed persistent atlantoaxial subluxation and the C2 facet deformity in the dislocated side in all cases. Follow-up three-dimensional computed tomographic scans demonstrated the remodeling of the C2 facet deformity at an average of 2.8 months after successful reduction of subluxation. Subsequently, the halo vests were removed and gentle neck range of motion exercise was started in all cases. The normal cervical range of motion was obtained 2 weeks after the removal of halo vests in five cases, whereas the range Sirtuin inhibitor of motion remained limited in two cases. At a mean follow-up of 17.4 months, neither symptoms nor recurrence of subluxation occurred in all cases.

Conclusion. Chronic irreducible and recurrent unstable AARF can be managed successfully by careful closed manipulation followed by halo fixation, if the C1 and C2 have not been osseously fused. The remodeling of the C2 facet deformity detected on follow-up

CT scans can be a useful radiographic parameter to determine the appropriate period of halo fixation in this new treatment TPCA-1 order strategy obviating the need for surgical intervention.”
“Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a clinicopathologic syndrome of proteinuria, usually of nephrotic range, associated with focal and segmental

sclerotic glomerular lesions. Therefore, FSGS is diagnosed by clinical features and histopathological examination of renal biopsy. The natural history of the condition varies, and although it may respond RGFP966 in vivo to treatment, FSGS is an important disease in the etiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Furthermore, after kidney transplantation, approximately 30% of patients with FSGS develop recurrent FSGS. The risk factors for recurrence of FSGS include childhood onset and age < 15 yr, rapid progression of the primary FSGS to ESRD, recurrence of FSGS in a previous allograft, diffuse mesangial hypercellularity in the native kidney, collapsing FSGS, and podocin gene mutation. In addition, after kidney transplantation, de novo FSGS also develops in approximately 10-20% of allografts, associated with a complication of hyperfiltration injury, chronic transplant glomerulopathy, and calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. FSGS is considered a podocyte disease, and the pathology is characterized by segmental FSGS lesion with glomerular epithelial hypercellularity. The pathological diagnosis of FSGS is based on the 2004 Columbia classification system. In the present minireview, we discuss the pathology of recurrence and de novo FSGS after kidney transplantation.”
“Study Design.

(C) 2011 American Institute

of Physics. [doi.10.1063/1.3599895]“
“Purpose: To assess tumor perfusion with multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and to correlate CT findings with pathologic results.

Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee, and all patients provided written informed consent, which included information on the radiation exposure at the CT examinations. Fifteen consecutive patients (mean age, 60.5 years +/- 7.7 [standard eFT508 molecular weight deviation]), including 14 men (mean age, 59.9 years +/- 7.5) and one woman (age, 70 years) with histologically proved non-small cell lung carcinoma were prospectively enrolled. Overall, pathologic-CT correlations were examined in 31 focal tumoral zones. Comparative analysis was performed by using the chi(2) or the Fisher exact test for categoric data. For numeric data, group comparisons were performed by using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results: Whole-tumor coverage (mean height, 4.3 cm +/- 2.1) was possible in all patients with generation of colored parametric maps of volume transfer constant (K-trans) and blood volume (BV) by using Patlak analysis. Of the 12 areas that showed high BV, 10 (83%) had a high K-trans; in all 12 cases, the vascular score was high, confirming the presence of numerous tumoral vessels. Nineteen areas showed low BV; when observed

concurrently with a high K-trans (seven of 19), the AZD4547 purchase mean vessel number per area was significantly Epacadostat mouse higher than that seen in areas with low BV and low K-trans (12 of 19) (P = .038), suggestive of tumoral vessels associated with high interstitial pressure.

Conclusion: Whole-tumor perfusion analysis is technically feasible with 64-detector row CT, with two patterns suggestive of high tumoral vascularity. (C) RSNA, 2010″
“A computational study

of the effects of the intergranular exchange field and its dispersion on the cluster size in perpendicular recording media is presented. The dispersion arises from the grain size dispersion and the dispersion of intrinsic exchange coupling between individual grains. It is found that increasing the degree of dispersion reduces the cluster size due to weakly coupled grains acting as pinning sites against the expansion of the clusters. A simple semi-analytical model is proposed which gives good agreement with the numerical calculations in the limit of the large anisotropy constant. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3596806]“
“We made a study of the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervix lesions in an Amazonian Bora native population (Bn) and compared it with the prevalence in an urban population in Iquitos (Iq). We also examined the distribution of HPV types among abnormal cervical smears in the Iq population. Swabs and cytologies were collected from 472 females.

The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients between

dental maturity and cervical vertebral maturity ranged from 0.391 to 0.582 for girls and from 0.464 to 0.496 for boys (P < 0.05). In girls, the mandibular Selleck MAPK inhibitor second molar had the highest and the canine the lowest correlation. In boys, the canine had the highest and the first premolar the lowest correlation.

Conclusions. Tooth calcification stage was significantly correlated with cervical vertebral maturation stage. The development of the mandibular second molar in females and that of the mandibular canine in males had the strongest correlations with cervical vertebral maturity. Therefore, it is practical to consider the relationship between dental and skeletal maturity when planning orthodontic treatment. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;110: 777-783)”
“Plague outbreaks are occasionally reported in Brazil. Unfortunately, due to great genetic similarity, molecular subtyping of Yersinia pestis strains is difficult. Analysis of multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), also known as MLVA, has been found to be a valuable

tool to discriminate among strains. To check for genetic differences, strains obtained from two different ecological complexes in Brazil collected during two different epidemiological events, an epizootic in Sitio Alagoinha in 1967 and an outbreak in Planalto selleck da Borborema in 1986, were subtyped through MLVA using 12 VNTR loci. Three clusters (A, B and C) were observed. Of the 20 strains from the epizootic, 18 fit into cluster A. Cluster A was divided into two subgroups: A(1) (15 strains) and A(2) (3 strains). Of the 17 strains from the outbreak, 15 fit into cluster B. Cluster B was divided into three subgroups: B-1 (4 strains), B-2 (4 strains) and B-3 (7 strains). Cluster C is a singleton with one epizootic strain. The external standards, Y. pestis CO92 and Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953,

formed two clusters of singletons. The stability of 12 VNTR loci of three unrelated cultures included in this study was assessed. The 12 VNTR loci were stable through multiple serial JSH-23 subcultures in the laboratory. MLVA revealed that Y. pestis populations in Brazil are not monomorphic, and that there is intraspecific genetic diversity among Brazilian plague strains. We conclude that there is some correlation among genetic groups of this species, related to the temporal and geographic origin of isolates.”
“Background: Malaria is a major public health threat in Africa, and traditional medicine continues to play a key role in its control especially in rural areas. A bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out in order to evaluate the antimalarial potential and the safety of the methanol extract of the Hypericum lanceolatum stem bark.

Methods: The anti-plasmodial activity was assayed by the lactate dehydrogenase method (pLDH) against the multidrug-resistant W2mef laboratory strain, and a field isolate (SHF4) of Plasmodium falciparum.

The study showed that steric hindrance at the reacting amine-function plays a more prominent role than local point charge. To optimize the yield of the desired di-functional monomers, the ring-opening of GVL with

1,2-diaminoethane (1,2-DE) was studied in more detail. Reaction temperature (25-100 degrees C), reaction time, and molar ratio of the reactants appeared to be the determining processing parameters. These were found to be more important than the BKM120 mw use of catalysts (triphenylphosphine, Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate, Ytterbium(III)trifuoromethanesulfonate, AlCl3, and SnCl2) and solvent polarity (methanol, DMA, DMSO, and water). (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 3556-3564, 2012″
“Time-dependent ferromagnetic (FM)-antiferromagnetic

(AFM) interlayer coupling transition has been found in Pd(50 angstrom)/Co(t(Co) angstrom)/Pd(54 angstrom)/Co(t(Co) angstrom)/Pd(50 angstrom) multilayer. During exposure to the air, saturation magnetic moment and coercivity both drop with time; moreover, a shift of the minor loop center for AFM coupling also decreases with time. During exposure of the sample to the air, as one possibility, the observed time-dependent FM-AFM learn more interlayer coupling transition and decrease of AFM coupling strength may result from absorption of gaseous elements, which can induce reduction of Pd-polarization and a decrease of saturation magnetic moment; another possibility may be the alloying of the Co/Pd interface. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3626066]“
“This study was designed to assess the potential therapeutic efficacy of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells

(MSCs), MSCs-TH and MSCs-GDNF, in PD rats. Fifty-nine PD rat models were divided Selleckchem LOXO-101 into five groups and then the gene-modified MSCs were transplanted into the striatum of rats according to the design. Apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in rats was observed weekly; rats which received both MSCs-TH and MSCs-GDNF showed the most significant improvement compared with those in other groups (P < 0.01). Three weeks later, immunohistochemistry analysis found TH-positive cells and GDNF-positive cells in striatal. Eight weeks later, PD rats were killed. HPLC and ELISA results showed DA and GDNF content in striatum of rats which received both MSCs-TH, and MSCs-GDNF was considerably higher compared with those of other groups (P < 0.01),respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that combined transplantation of MSCs expressing TH and GDNF can lead to remarkable therapeutic effects in a rat model of PD.”
“Several studies have described lesional therapy in the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) in the treatment of various movement disorders. Recently, some publications have illustrated the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in this area in patients with Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, MS-tremor, and other forms of tremor.

05). Adsorption was also lower in DCD1 compared with DCD2 (P < 0.05). Adsorption and surface tension were correlated with oxygenation and AWP (P < 0.05). This study has shown that lung function deteriorates with increasing warm ischemic time intervals. BAL protein, surface tension, adsorption, peak AWP and PVR increase significantly www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html after 2 h of warm ischemia together with a significant

reduction of the ratio PaO(2)/FiO(2).”
“In 2009, the projected incidence for colon and rectal cancers in the United States was 106,100 and 40,870, respectively, and approximately 75% of these patients were treated with curative intent Surveillance or follow-up after colon and rectal cancer resection serves multiple purposes, however, the primary argument supporting the validity of surveillance is the detection of metachronous

and recurrent cancers amenable to curative treatment The surveillance may provide some comfort for cancer survivors who can be informed that they have no evidence of disease”
“P>Bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation is still frequent and early detection and treatment is important. We established the management using double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) SU5416 order and evaluated the intractability for bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We underwent DBE at Jichi Medical University from May 2003 to July 2009 for 25 patients who developed bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after pediatric LDLT. The patients were divided into two types according to the degree of dilatation of the anastomotic sites before and after interventional radiology (IVR) using DBE. Type I is an anastomotic

site macroscopically dilated to five times or more, and Type II is an anastomotic site dilated to less than five times. The rate of DBE reaching the bilioenteric anastomotic sites was 68.0% (17/25), and the success rate of IVR was 88.2% (15/17). There were three check details cases of Type I and 12 cases of Type II. Type II had a significantly longer cold ischemic time and higher recurrence rate than Type I (P = 0.005 and P = 0.006). In conclusion, DBE is a less invasive and safe treatment method that is capable of reaching the bilioenteric anastomotic site after pediatric LDLT and enables IVR to be performed on strictures, and its treatment outcomes are improving. Type II and long cold ischemic time are risk factors for intractable bilioenteric anastomotic stricture.”
“Background: Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) is a patient generated outcome instrument applicable in the evaluation of both allopathic and complementary medicine treatment. This study aims to adapt MYMOP into Chinese, and to assess its validity, responsiveness and minimally important change values in a sample of patients using Chinese medicine (CM) services.

Methods: A Chinese version of MYMOP (CMYMOP) is developed by forward-backward-forward translation strategy, expert panel assessment and pilot testing amongst patients.

The authors used voxel-based morphometry to assess the relationship between brain regional Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor volume and anxiety. The authors found an inverse correlation between anxiety measures and cortical volume in regions of the limbic system and prefrontal cortex implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. The authors suggest that volumetric variability of these regions may have a correlation

with the development of an anxious personality trait.”
“P>Translation of most mRNAs is performed in a cap-dependent manner, requiring a protein complex, the cap complex, to regulate the accessibility of the message to the 40S ribosome. The cap complex initiates protein translation by binding to the 5′ cap of an mRNA and recruiting ribosomes to

begin translation. Compared to animals and yeast, there are significant plant-specific differences in the regulation of cap-dependent mRNA translation, but these are poorly understood. Here, we purified proteins that bind to the 5′ cap during the Arabidopsis growth cycle. The protein profile of the cap-binding complexes varies during the various stages of the growth cycle in suspension culture cells. Using Western blotting, the cap complexes of quiescent cells were found to be composed of only three major proteins: eIF4isoE, which is primarily a cytoplasmic protein, and eIF4E and CBP80, which accumulate in the nucleus. However, when cells proliferate, at least BAY 11-7082 10 major proteins bind directly or indirectly to the 5′ cap. Proteomic, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation data establish that the spectrum of RNA SGC-CBP30 Epigenetics inhibitor helicases in the cap complexes also changes during the growth cycle. Cap complexes from proliferating

cultures mainly contain eIF4A, which associates with at least four cap complexes, but eIF4A is replaced by additional helicases in quiescent cells. These findings suggest that the dynamic and selective recruitment of various proteins to mRNA 5′ cap complexes could play an important role in the regulation of gene expression.”
“BACKGROUND Percutaneous ablation of incompetent perforators has been introduced as a safe and efficacious alternative.

OBJECTIVE To compare two methods of treating incompetent thigh perforator and great saphenous veins (GSV).

MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with varicose veins of CEAP C2 and C3 with incompetent perforating veins (IPVs) in the thigh without evidence of saphenofemoral reflux and with obvious venous reflux from IPVs into the GSV distal to IPVs were included. Endovenous laser ablation was done using two methods (IPV ablation (IPVA) versus GSV ablation: GSVA). Their technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications were compared at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

RESULTS Sixty-nine consecutive patients were randomized to IPVA (n = 34) or GSVA (n = 35). Technical success was significantly lower with IPVA than GSVA (p = .002).