06 mu m is described. Thermal, optical, and laser properties have shown that Nd: SGGM crystals are promising for use as disordered laser materials.

(C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3483955]“
“To determine whether monitoring follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in over-responding patients whom the gonadotropins were withheld would predict pregnancy outcome.

A group of 33 female infertility patients aged between 20-40 years who had to be coasted during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were recruited for this study. The FSH concentrations on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day and on the four preceding days were measured to determine the threshold FSH concentration for follicular growth and conception. Mean and this website standard deviation were used for presenting parametric data. Student’s t test and the Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Two-tailed P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to identify the cutoff level for FSH and E2 at HCG day and four preceding days.

Of 33 cycles, 16 were stimulated with recombinant FSH and 17 with recombinant FSH and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG). The basal and mean coasting FSH levels of FSH and

FSH + HMG cycles did not reveal any differences. FSH concentrations decreased the day after coasting began in 26 cycles and fell by 30.2 +/- A 2.7% (range 2-53). In 7 cycles, we observed 34.5 +/- A 7.4% (range 6-56) declines in FSH levels beginning 2 days after coasting. Of the 31 women who received HCG, 21 conceived during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Gestational sac and fetal selleck heart activity were visualized in 14 patients. ROC analysis releaved a cutoff value of 4.9 in FSH level at HCG day discriminative of conception or nonconception.

The results from this study show that monitoring

serum FSH levels during coasting may be helpful in predicting the pregnancy outcome.”
“Highly branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has been synthesized by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization SHP099 of NIPAM and a vinyl contained trithiocarbonate RAFT agent. (1)H-NMR measurements revealed that the degrees of branch (DB) are in the range of 0.032-0.105. Laser light scattering (LLS) measurements gave the hydrodynamic radii (Rh) of the polymers to be 3.6-5.7 nm with molecular weight in the range of 1.3 x 10(4) g/mo1-2.3 x 10(-4) g/mol. Highly branched PNIPAM with terminal thiol groups were obtained by aminolysis the polymers, and the product can be oxidized by air to form disulfide bonds (-S-S-) among chains and resulting in the formation of nanoparticle in aqueous solution. Interestingly, the nanoparticle in size of R(h) (similar to) 80 nm showed a thermogelling behavior to form bulk hydrogel when the temperature was increased up to 25 degrees C due to the thermo-induced association of the PNIPAM chains among the nanoparticles.

Conclusion: buy Screening Library When age at fitting of the devices, duration of device use, and aided thresholds are matched at the group level, consonant recognition is similar between the CI and HA children after 2 years of device use.

Early implantation tends to yield better consonant contrast recognition in the young children with CIs. However, a large amount of variance in performance was not accounted for by the demographic variables studied.”
“Virtually, every pulmonary disease and most non-pulmonary diseases may be associated with a pleural effusion. The presence of a pleural effusion allows the clinician to diagnose or narrow the differential diagnosis and aetiology of the fluid collection. However, pleural fluid analysis (PFA) in isolation rarely provides a definitive diagnosis. This review discusses the rationale for evaluating patients with a pleural effusion. If the clinician obtains a detailed history, performs a comprehensive physical examination, reviews pertinent blood tests, and evaluates the chest imaging findings prior to thoracentesis, there

should be a high likelihood of establishing a firm clinical diagnosis based on the appropriate PFA. This manuscript reviews the clinical presentation, chest imaging findings, duration and natural course of specific pleural effusions BIX 01294 clinical trial to help narrow the range of pre-thoracentesis diagnoses. A diagnosis of transudative effusion confirms an imbalance in hydrostatic and oncotic pressures, normal pleura and a limited differential diagnosis, which is typically apparent from the clinical presentation. Exudates are the result of infections, malignancies, inflammation, impaired lymphatic drainage or the effects of drugs, and pose a greater diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis for a pleural exudate can be narrowed if LDH levels exceed 1000 IU/L, the proportion of lymphocytes is =80%, pleural fluid pH is <7.30 or there is pleural eosinophilia of >10%.”
“OBJECTIVES: VX-680 To develop a multivariate predictive risk score of perioperative in-hospital stroke after coronary

artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

METHOD: A total of 26 347 patients were enrolled from 21 Spanish hospital databases. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk of perioperative stroke (ictus or transient ischaemic attack). The predictive scale was developed from a training set of data and validated by an independent test set, both selected randomly. The assessment of the accuracy of prediction was related to the area under the ROC curve. The variables considered were: preoperative (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, previous stroke, cardiac failure and/or left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, non-elective priority of surgery, extracardiac arteriopathy, chronic kidney failure and/or creatininemia >= 2 mg/dl and atrial fibrillation) and intraoperative (on/off-pump).

RESULTS: Global perioperative stroke incidence was 1.38%. Non-elective priority of surgery (priority; OR = 2.

4 +/- 0.2). Sections from group A animals revealed the mildest EC injury (1.3 +/- 0.3 vs. group D p < 0.01). No significant difference was detected between group A and B. EC injury grade in group C (2.7 +/- 0.6) was higher than that in group B (1.8 +/- 0.6) but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.58).

Conclusion: When possible, vascular reconstruction following

use of shunts should include an interposition graft after debridement Ispinesib of the arterial edges having interfaced with the shunt. Finally, to minimize intimal injury to the native vessel, this model suggests that indwell times of shunts should be <9 hours.”
“OBJECTIVE: Glucose intolerance is frequently associated with an altered plasma lipid profile and increased cardiovascular Etomoxir disease risk. Nonetheless, lipid metabolism is scarcely studied in normolipidemic glucose-intolerant patients. The aim of this study

was to investigate whether important lipid metabolic parameters, such as the kinetics of LDL free and esterified cholesterol and the transfer of lipids to HDL, are altered in glucose-intolerant patients with normal plasma lipids.

METHODS: Fourteen glucose-intolerant patients and 15 control patients were studied; none of the patients had cardiovascular disease manifestations, and they were paired for age, sex, race and co-morbidities. A nanoemulsion resembling a LDL lipid composition (LDE) labeled with C-14-cholesteryl ester and H-3-free cholesterol was intravenously injected, and blood samples were collected over a 24-h period to determine the fractional clearance rate of the labels by compartmental analysis. The transfer of free and esterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids from the LDE to HDL was measured by the incubation of the LDE with plasma and radioactivity counting

of the supernatant after chemical precipitation of non-HDL fractions.

RESULTS: The levels of LDL, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, ML323 apo A1 and apo B were equal in both groups. The 14 C-esterified cholesterol fractional clearance rate was not different between glucose-intolerant and control patients, but the H-3-free- cholesterol fractional clearance rate was greater in glucose-intolerant patients than in control patients. The lipid transfer to HDL was equal in both groups.

CONCLUSION: In these glucose-intolerant patients with normal plasma lipids, a faster removal of LDE free cholesterol was the only lipid metabolic alteration detected in our study. This finding suggests that the dissociation of free cholesterol from lipoprotein particles occurs in normolipidemic glucose intolerance and may participate in atherogenic signaling.”
“Descurainia sophia (flixweed) is an annual weed widely distributed in cultivated crops, forage and rangelands throughout the world. This weed, in particular its seed, is used for food, medicinal and industrial purposes.

Rapid, large-volume intravenous rehydration for outpatients with dehydration did not show any benefit over more standard regimens. Clinical guidelines incorporate all these aspects

of care; however, physicians show poor adherence to the guidelines despite the evidence that guidelines improve outcomes and reduce cost.

Summary

Dehydration burdens the healthcare system worldwide. Through advances in its assessment, treatment with antiemetics and intravenous fluids, and standardization of practice with clinical guidelines, this burden could be reduced.”
“Purpose of reviewThe management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrent MK2206 after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy is complex and further complicated by high numbers of patients who are not candidates for cystectomy. This article reviews data supporting the use NSC 649890 HCl of chemoradiation in NMIBC and discusses emerging biomarkers of treatment response.Recent findingsRadiotherapy, especially when combined with chemotherapy, has shown great promise for treating bladder cancer. Recent studies have identified that many patients with bladder cancer

do not receive potentially curative therapies. Many such patients are elderly or infirm and represent an unmet need for curative therapeutic alternatives to radical cystectomy. Although radiotherapy alone does not appear superior to intravesical therapy in NMIBC, at least one series check details with long-term follow-up has shown excellent results in patients treated with radiation and concurrent chemotherapy. A clinical trial investigating the role for chemoradiation in T1 disease that has recurred is underway. Biomarkers able to predict radiotherapy response may allow for personalized therapy in the near future.SummaryChemoradiation is an emerging treatment option for selected patients with NMIBC.

Prospective validation of currently identified biomarkers is needed along with further research to identify which patients may benefit the most from such therapy.”
“Coal tars have been identified as posing a threat to human health due to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics. Workers involved in former gasholders decommissioning are potentially exposed to relevant concentrations of volatile and semi-volatile hydrocarbons upon opening up derelict tanks and during tar excavation/removal. While information on contaminated sites air-quality and its implications on medium-long term exposure is available, acute exposure issues associated with the execution of critical tasks are less understood. Calculations indicated that the concentration of a given contaminant in the gasholder vapour phase only depends on the coal tar composition, being only barely affected by the presence of water in the gasholder and the tar volume/void space ratio.

Objective: We examined whether dietary intakes of vitamins B-6, folate, or vitamin B-12 were predictive of depressive symptoms over an average selleck kinase inhibitor of 7.2 y in a community-based population of older adults.

Design: The study sample consisted of 3503 adults from the Chicago Health and Aging project, an ongoing, population-based, biracial (59% African American) study in adults aged >= 65 y. Dietary assessment was made by food-frequency questionnaire. Incident depression was measured by the presence

of >= 4 depressive symptoms from the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.

Results: The logistic regression models, which used generalized estimating equations, showed that higher total intakes, which included supplementation, of vitamins B-6 and B-12 were associated with a decreased likelihood of incident depression for up to 12 y of follow-up, after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, income, and antidepressant medication

use. For example, each 10 additional milligrams of vitamin B-6 and 10 additional micrograms of vitamin B-12 were associated with 2% lower odds of depressive symptoms per year. There was no association between depressive symptoms and food intakes of these vitamins or folate. These associations remained after adjustment for smoking, alcohol use, widowhood, caregiving status, cognitive function, physical disability, and medical conditions.

Conclusion: Our results support selleck the hypotheses that high total intakes of vitamins B-6 and B-12 are protective of depressive symptoms over time in community-residing

older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 330-5.”
“We investigate the influence of lattice distortion and off-stoichiometry on the electronic and magnetic properties of Co2+xFe1-xSi Heusler alloys in their L2(1) bulk phase and on MgO(001) buy ATM Kinase Inhibitor using the density functional theory. Our investigations show that Co excess does not significantly change the magnetic properties, whereas an increase of the Fe content can reduce the spin polarization. In addition, the influence of off-stoichiometry on x-ray absorption spectra is studied. For comparison, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements have been carried out for Co2FeSi/MgO(001) at the Co and Fe L-2,L-3 edges. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3559487]“
“A novel polyurethane material containing zwitterionic sulfobetaine groups has been synthesized using the copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (azide-alkyne click chemistry). A standard two-step polyaddition method was used to produce the well-defined polyurethane based on polycarbonatediol (PCDL) with alkyne groups.

Follow-up was carried out over a 1-year period using clinical and radiologic assessment,

including the Mayo Elbow Score (MES). Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of outcome according to the MES.

Results: Of the 237 patients enrolled in the study, 201 (84.8%) attended for review, with a mean age of 44 years (range, 16-83 years; standard deviation, 17.3). One hundred eighty-seven (93%) patients achieved excellent or good MESs. The mean MES for BX-795 manufacturer Mason type-I (n = 103) and type-II (n = 82) fractures was excellent, with only two patients undergoing surgical intervention. For Mason type-III (n = 11) and type-IV (n = 5) fractures, the flexion arc, forearm rotation arc, and MES in the nonoperatively treated patients were

not significantly different (all p >= 0.05) from those managed operatively. Regression analysis revealed that increasing age, increasing fracture complexity according to the AO-OTA classification, increasing radiographic comminution, and operative treatment choice were independently significant predictors of a poorer outcome (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions: A majority of radial head and neck fractures can be treated nonoperatively, achieving excellent or good results. Age, fracture classification, radiographic comminution, and treatment choice are important factors that determine recovery.”
“Nine indoloquinazoline alkaloids (1-9) were isolated click here from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. (Euodiae Fructus), along with limonin and beta-sitosterol. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds and characterized as (7R,8S)-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-rutaecarpine

and (7R,8S)-7-hydroxy-8-ethoxy-rutaecarpine, respectively, and 1-hydroxy-rutaecarpine (3) and (7R,8S)-7,8-dihydroxy-rutaecarpine (4) were isolated from Euodiae Fructus for the first time. The nine indoloquinazoline 3MA alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and human gastric carcinoma N-87 cells.”
“Background: Missed fractures, the most common diagnostic error in emergency departments, are usually the result of a misread radiograph or the failure to obtain a radiograph. However, a poorly positioned or poorly taken radiograph may also result in diagnostic errors. We sought to analyze the frequency of missed or misdiagnosed finger fractures that could be attributed to inadequate radiographs.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of the hand surgery divisions of Istanbul Bilim University Medical Faculty Hospital and the Orthopedics Department of Private Florence Nightingale Hospital between January 2008 and March 2010 for patients with fractures of the fingers that had been missed or misdiagnosed on the basis of inadequate radiographs.

001). Concentrations were also evaluated in 2 time periods: 0-3 weeks and >= 6 weeks post transplant, based on available data. Clearance and Vd >= 6 weeks post transplant did not significantly differ from pre- transplant values

(P=0.28 and 0.54, respectively), suggesting that these www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-680(MK-0457).html changes may be temporary.

Conclusions. The results suggest that tobramycin PK are altered in patients with CF after bilateral lung transplantation, although no clear trend was seen owing to inter-patient variability. We propose that PK parameters should be reassessed during each treatment course post transplant.”
“Reactions of acetyl iodide with dialkyl and dialkenyl sulfides RSR (R = Et, Bu, CH2=CH, CH2=CHCH2) and with disulfides RSSR (R = Pr, C6H13, PhCH2) were studied. Dialkyl sulfides reacted with MeCOI to give the INCB28060 corresponding alkyl ethanethioates and alkyl iodides as a result of cleavage of the S-C bond. The reactions of acetyl iodide with divinyl and diallyl sulfides involved addition across the double bond and subsequent polymerization of 1-alkenylsulfanyl-2(3)-iodoalkyl methyl

ketones. Dialkyl disulfides RSSR (R = Pr, C6H13) and dibenzyl disulfide reacted with acetyl iodide via cleavage of the S-S bond to produce the corresponding ethanethioates and organylsulfenyl iodides. The latter underwent disproportionation to form the initial disulfide and molecular iodine. DOI: 10.1134/S1070428013010090″
“Background and Purpose: Laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (LPN and RPN) are common minimally invasive alternatives to open partial nephrectomy (OPN) for management of renal tumors. Cost discrepancies of these approaches warrants evaluation. We compared hospital costs associated with RPN, LPN, and OPN.

Patients Geneticin in vivo and Methods: Costs were captured for 25 patients in each group who underwent RPN, LPN, or OPN at our institution between November 2008 and September 2010. Variable costs included operating room (OR) time, supplies, anesthesia, and inpatient care costs. Fixed costs included equipment purchase and maintenance. Impact

of variable and fixed costs were estimated using sensitivity analysis.

Results: Overall variable costs were similar for RPN, LPN, and OPN ($6375 vs $6075 vs $5774, P = 0.117, respectively). OR supplies contributed a greater cost for RPN and LPN than OPN ($2179 vs $1987 vs $181, P < 0.0001, respectively), while inpatient stay costs were higher for OPN compared with LPN and RPN ($2418 vs $1305 vs $1274, P < 0.0001, respectively). Sensitivity analysis of variable costs demonstrates that RPN and LPN can represent less costly alternatives to OPN if hospital stay for RPN and LPN is <= 2 days and OR time < 195 and 224 minutes, respectively. Inclusion of fixed costs made OPN less expensive than LPN and RPN unless use of the robot increases and operative times are reduced.

Conclusion: By minimizing OR time and hospital stay, RPN and LPN can be cost equivalent to OPN regarding variable costs.

It is concluded in this review that if done correctly and with care and with strict

application of existing guidelines as outlined in the 2010 WHO manual, sperm morphology measurement still has a very important role to play in the clinical evaluation of male fertility potential. Asian Journal of Andrology (2011) 13, 59-68; doi: 10.1038/aja.2010.67; published online 15 November 2010″
“Background. This study determines the clinical significance of residual renal function (RRF), defined as residual daily urine volume (RDUV), in maintenance Rabusertib concentration hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods. This multi-center study enrolled 704 MHD patients. Geographic, hematological, biochemical, and dialysis-related data were obtained. Values for nutritional and inflammatory markers were analyzed together with RDUV. Results. In total, 670 of 704 patients (95.2%) with HD duration greater than 1 year had abnormal RDUV (<500 ml). Patients with higher RRF were younger, had shorter HD duration, higher prevalence of hypertension and levels of serum albumin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and lower mid-week inter-dialysis

body weight increase (MIBWI), cardio-thoracic ratio, levels of intact parathyroid hormone, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs CRP), and KT/V (Daugirdes) values than those with low RRF. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that RRF was positively correlated with serum albumin, HDL levels, and presence of hypertension, and negatively check details correlated with age, HD duration, BAY 57-1293 mouse and MIBWI in MHD patients. Moreover, after adjusting factors that were significantly related to serum albumin or Hs CRP, RRF was still positively correlated with serum albumin (0.000137 +/- 0.000585, p = 0.0197) and negatively correlated with log Hs CRP (-0.000184 +/- 0.000952, p = 0.0533). A one-liter increase in RDUV was associated with a 1.4 g/L increase in serum albumin level in MHD patients. Conclusion.

This clinical study first demonstrated that RRF affects nutritional and inflammatory status in MHD patients. Because malnutrition and inflammation can cause high mortality in MHD patients, preserving RRF is important for these patients.”
“Acute renal allograft dysfunction in the first weeks after transplantation primarily requires examination for acute rejection, drug-associated injury, pre-renal failure due to exsiccosis/dehydration, and post-renal problems such as urinary tract obstruction. In rare instances, main renal artery or vein thrombosis may be found, e.g. due to acute rejection of the vessels. Herein, we describe the clinical course of a patient with a recent renal transplantation who presented with an acute enigmatic renal allograft failure which, after intensive diagnostic efforts, emerged as paradoxical embolism with extensive allograft ischemia in consequence of a venous thrombosis and a patent foramen ovale – a so far unreported case.”
“Kundur [Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.

5 ML, the preferred site is changed from bridge to hollow site. For the adsorption of S at bridge site, no magnetic moment is detected, and the adsorption is characterized

by strong hybridization between the S 2s state and graphene sigma states. For the adsorption of S at hollow site, a magnetic moment of 1.98 mu(B) was induced. In this case, the hybridization occurs between S 2p states and graphene pi states. Furthermore, from the investigation of the surface potential energy curve, we find that graphene is a suitable candidate for the S storage.”
“Rat studies demonstrated that type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) decreases Acalabrutinib chemical structure both the production and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). L-arginine (LA) provides the precursor for the production of NO. We hypothesized that LA dietary supplementation will preserve NO production via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) causing renal microvascular vasodilation and increased glomerular blood flow and thus increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This would impede the formation of

reactive oxygen species which contributes to cell damage and death. LA supplementation preserved GFR in the treated diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. We provide evidence that this effect may be due to increased levels of eNOS and urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which leads to renal find more microvascular vasodilation. Plasma nitrotyrosine was decreased in the LA treated rats; however, plasma nitrite levels remained unaffected as expected. Marked improvements in glucose tolerance were also observed in the LA treated diabetic rats. These results demonstrate that LA supplementation preserves NO activity and may delay the onset of insulin resistance and renal dysfunction during hyperglycemic stress. These results suggest the importance MLN4924 cell line of the NO pathway in consequent renal dysfunction and in the development

of insulin resistance in diabetic rats.”
“Background There has been no study or institution in Ireland promoting major ear surgery performed as a day case procedure in adults. At present, there is a strong political and financial drive for increased elective day case surgery and also a public responsibility to reduce surgical waiting times.

Methods A prospective study of 43-day case otology patients who underwent major otological surgeries over an 18-month period in a tertiary referral center. We recorded morbidity, readmission rates and assessed the relationships between procedures performed and complications observed.

Results We report a same day discharge rate of 88.4% with a next day readmission rate of 2.3%. We report no major morbidities and found no association between the otological procedure performed and complications observed. Furthermore, there was no statistical association between age and complications observed. We have reduced our waiting list from 9 months to 4 weeks over the 18-month period.

The AWW was compared between test-positive and test-negative cows by use of multilevel mixed-effect models. The median value for feeder calves from 2007 to 2011 was used to estimate the economic losses associated with MAP test positive cows.

Results-The AWW of calves from cows with strongly positive ELISA results was 21.48 kg (47.26 lb) less than that of calves from

cows with negative ELISA results. The AWW of calves from cows classified as heavy or moderate MAP shedders was 58.51 kg (128.72 lb) and 40.81 kg (89.78 lb) less, respectively, than that of calves selleck kinase inhibitor from MAP culture negative cows. Associated economic losses were estimated as $5749/calf for cows with strongly positive ELISA results and $156.60/calf and $109.23/calf for cows classified as heavy and moderate MAP shedders, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Calves from cows with MAP-positive test results had significantly lower AWW than did calves from cows with MAP-negative test results, which translated into economic losses for MAP-infected beef herds.”
“Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was introduced into poly(virtylidene fluoride) (PVDF) via a solution blending process, and a series of PVDF/PMMA blends were obtained in an effort to reduce the

energy loss of pure PVDF. The effects of the composition and thermal treatment on the properties of the polymer blends were carefully studied. The results SRT1720 show that the introduction of PMMA led to a lower crystallinity and a smaller

crystal size of PVDF for its dilution effect. As a result, the dielectric constant and energy storage density of the polymer blends were slightly reduced. Meanwhile, the phase transition of the PVDF crystals from the a phase to the p phase happened during the quenching of the blend melt to ice-water; this was also observed in the untreated or annealed blends with PMMA contents over 50 wt %. Compared with the alpha-PVDF, the PVDF crystals in the beta phase possessed a lower melting temperature, a higher dielectric constant, and a lower dielectric loss. The addition of PMMA reduced the energy loss of PVDF significantly, whereas the energy storage density decreased slightly. Selleck PF-562271 The optimized blend film with about 40 wt % PMMA and PVDF in the beta phase showed a relative high energy storage density and the lowest energy loss. 0 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 2674-2684, 2010″
“Intellectual impairment in addition to memory problems in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has been postulated to be a result of a mental decline caused by chronic epilepsy. Longer duration, however, is often confounded with earlier age at onset of epilepsy (AIDE). IQ and memory were evaluated in 188 patients (age > 16) with TLE with an AOE before age 14 (N = 91) or after age 15 (N = 97).