Materials and Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective study with waiver of informed consent. A cell-based contour grouping (CBCG) segmentation algorithm was used to delineate the lesion boundaries automatically.

Seven morphologic features were extracted. The classifier was a logistic regression function. Five hundred twenty breast US scans were obtained from 520 subjects (age range, 15-89 years), including 275 benign (mean size, 15 mm; range, 5-35 mm) and 245 malignant (mean size, 18 mm; range, 8-29 mm) lesions. The newly developed computer-aided diagnostic algorithm was evaluated on the basis of boundary quality and differentiation performance. The segmentation algorithms and CHIR99021 features in two conventional computer-aided diagnostic algorithms BMS-754807 datasheet were used for comparative study.

Results: The CBCG-generated boundaries were shown to be comparable with the manually delineated boundaries. The area under the receiver operating

characteristic curve (AUC) and differentiation accuracy were 0.968 +/- 0.010 and 93.1% +/- 0.7, respectively, for all 520 breast lesions. At the 5% significance level, the newly developed algorithm was shown to be superior to the use of the boundaries and features of the two conventional computer-aided diagnostic algorithms in terms of AUC (0.974 +/- 0.007 versus 0.890 +/- 0.008 and 0.788 +/- 0.024, respectively).

Conclusion: The newly developed computer-aided diagnostic algorithm that used a CBCG segmentation method to measure boundaries achieved a high differentiation performance.”
“Lithium wall conditioning has been found to enhance plasma performance for graphite walled fusion devices such as TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX. Among observed plasma enhancements is a reduction in edge density and reduced deuterium recycling.

The mechanism by which lithiated graphite retains deuterium is largely unknown. Under controlled laboratory conditions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to observe the chemical changes that occur on ATJ graphite after lithium deposition. The chemical state GDC-0068 of lithiated graphite is found to change upon deuterium irradiation indicating the formation Li-O-D, manifest at 532.9 +/- 0.6 eV. Lithium-deuterium interactions are also manifest in the C 1s photoelectron energy range and show Li-C-D interactions at 291.2 +/- 60.6 eV. Post-mortem NSTX tiles that have been exposed to air upon extraction are cleaned and examined, revealing the chemical archaeology that formed during NSTX operations. XPS spectra show strong correlation (+/- 0.3 eV) in Li-O-D and Li-O peaks from post-mortem and control experiments, thus validating offline experiments. We report findings that show that deuterium is found to interact with lithium after lithium has already reacted with carbon and oxygen. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.