Pathological hearing tests were even found in many patients without perception of hearing impairment.”
“Enhancement of thermal conductivity of fluids upon addition of nanoparticles has been previously observed. In this study, Fe3O4 magnetite particles were used and thermal conductivity enhancements both in water and in heptane with increasing volume fraction have been shown. Upon measuring thermal conductivity under externally applied magnetic field, it has been shown experimentally that thermal conductivity can be further increased even at low concentrations selleck chemical and low magnetic field strengths

in both fluids. Theoretical calculations are presented to support the effect of magnetic field on the thermal conductivity enhancement. This enhancement is attributed to the thermomagnetic convection which due to a temperature gradient, results in a non-uniform magnetic body force resulting in more efficient thermal conductance. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3658868]“
“The process of selecting certain desirable traits for plant breeding may compromise other potentially important traits, SRT1720 cost such as defences against pests; however, specific phenotypic changes occurring over the course of domestication are unknown for most domesticated plants. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) offers a unique opportunity to study such changes: its domestication occurred recently, and we have access to the wild ancestors

and intermediate varieties used in past crosses. In order to investigate whether breeding for increased yield and fruit quality traits may indirectly affect anti-herbivore defences, the chemical defences have been examined of five related cranberry varieties that span the history of domestication against a common folivore, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). Direct defences were assessed by measuring the performance of gypsy moth caterpillars and levels of phenolic compounds in leaves, and indirect defences by assaying induced leaf volatile emissions. Our results

suggest that breeding in cranberry has compromised plant defences: caterpillars performed best on the derived NJS98-23 (the highest-yielding variety) and its parent Ben Lear. Moreover, NJS98-23 showed reduced induction Screening Library manufacturer of volatile sesquiterpenes, and had lower concentrations of the defence-related hormone cis-jasmonic acid (JA) than ancestral varieties. However, induced direct defences were not obviously affected by breeding, as exogenous JA applications reduced caterpillar growth and increased the amounts of phenolics independent of variety. Our results suggest that compromised chemical defences in high-yielding cranberry varieties may lead to greater herbivore damage which, in turn, may require more intensive pesticide control measures. This finding should inform the direction of future breeding programmes.”
“Srivastava P, Singh A, Kesarwani P, Jaiswal PK, Singh V, Mittal RD.