(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites are environmental chemical contaminants which can produce reactive NVP-LDE225 oxygen species (ROS) by auto-oxidation of di-hydroxy PCBs as well as the reduction of quinones and redox-cycling. We investigate the hypothesis that 2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzo-1,4-quinone (4-Cl-BQ), a metabolite of 4-chlorobiphenyl (PCB3), induced ROS-signaling inhibits cellular proliferation. Monolayer cultures of exponentially growing asynchronous human non-malignant prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) were incubated with 0-6 mu M of 4-Cl-BQ and harvested at the end of 72 h of incubation

to assess antioxidant enzyme expression, cellular ROS GW4869 order levels, cell growth, and cell cycle phase distributions. 4-Cl-BQ decreased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, protein, and mRNA levels. 4-Cl-BQ treatment increased dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence, which

was suppressed in cells pretreated with polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD). The increase in ROS levels was associated with a decrease in cell growth, and an increase in the percentage of S-phase cells. These effects were suppressed in cells pretreated with PEG-SOD. 4-Cl-BQ treatment did not change the protein levels of phosphorylated H2AX at the end of 72 h of incubation, suggesting that the inhibition in cell growth and accumulation of cells in S-phase learn more at the end of the treatments were probably not due to 4-Cl-BQ induced DNA double strand break. These results demonstrate that MnSOD activity and ROS-signaling perturb proliferation in 4-Cl-BQ treated in vitro cultures of human prostate cells. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“During the

last 20 years, there has been a shift away from combined heart-lung transplantation (HLT) in favor of bilateral lung transplantation. This paradigm shift allowed for the donor heart to be transplanted to another patient. However, HLT remains to be the definitive surgical treatment for certain congenital heart disorders and Eisenmenger’s syndrome. With a growing population of adult patients with congenital heart disease, there remains a need for HLT. This article provides a perspective on the past and the future of HLT.”
“Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants, and co-planar PCBs can induce oxidative stress and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades which are associated with atherosclerosis. The majority of the toxicological effects elicited by the co-planar PCB exposure are associated to the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and subsequent induction of responsive genes.