4. Aftereffects of Disasters: Grief, Traumatic Grief, and ResiliencyFaculty, staff, and other diverse populations have long reported the scope and http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Vandetanib.html magnitude of grief up to and including traumatic grief following a range of disasters (e.g., natural, human-made, etc.). For example, O’Mallon [18] stated, ��Global events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, the 9/11 attack, and Hurricane Katrina fall into the category of traumatic grief. Grief associated with loss of life, home, and finances left families vulnerable ���� (paragraph 12). Although the authors of the current study agree that disasters can engender traumatic grief, we do not believe that human beings are fated to experience traumatic grief following disasters. Nonetheless, the empirical research suggests that the possibility exits.

Thus, it is important to understand the variability and types of grief reported and how the grief process may relate to coping after disasters. Toward this end, K��bler-Ross’ [19] five stages of grief may provide a framework to make meaning of the aftereffects and outcomes often reported by individuals who experience hurricanes, disasters, and other traumatic and adverse events. K��bler-Ross’ [19] introduced five stages of grief (i.e., denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance) following death. Overtime, the five stages of grief have also been used to explain the range of reactions and possibly the ��phases�� that people move through following various losses (e.g., natural disasters, death, loss of income, and divorce, to name a few). Stage 1 (Denial).

Denial leads to initial comments such as ��No, not me, it cannot be true�� [19, page 33]. Denial is usually a ��temporary defense�� and transition into ��partial acceptance�� [19, page 34]. During denial, the initial shock caused by the loss is experienced. Stage 2 (Anger). According to K��bler-Ross, denial ��is replaced by feelings of anger, rage, envy, and resentment�� (page 43). At this stage, the grieving person questions ��Why me?�� (page 43). He or she is ���� very difficult to cope with from the point of view of family and staff �� anger is displaced in all directions and projected onto the environment at times almost at random�� (page 43). Stage 3 (Bargaining).

K��bler-Ross illustrated the grieving person’s mentality during this stage as ��If we have been unable to face the sad facts in the first period and have been angry at people and God in the second phase, maybe we can succeed in entering Cilengitide into some sort of an agreement which may postpone the inevitable happening�� (page 71). K��bler-Ross also described a sense of guilt among the grieving during this stage. Stage 4 (Depression). According to K��bler-Ross [19], when the illness or issue cannot be ignored, ���� numbness or stoicism �� anger and rage will soon be replaced with a sense of great loss�� (page 75).