0 ng/ml (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-4.0) independent of other clinicopathological variables. In men with nondistant disease at diagnosis ductal histology was associated with 2.2-fold (CI 1.4-3.5) increased disease specific mortality.
Conclusions: In what is to our knowledge the largest series of this histological subtype ductal cancer cases were more likely to present with advanced stage cancer and lower prostate specific antigen, suggesting that timely disease Cisplatin solubility dmso detection is a significant challenge. Also, men with locoregional disease were more likely to
die of the disease.”
“Intraindividual trial-to-trial reaction time (RT) variability is commonly found to be higher in clinical populations or life periods that are associated with impaired cognition. In the present study,
higher within-person trial-to-trial RT variability in a perceptual speed task is related to more forgetting and dedifferentiation of memory functions in older adults (aged 60-71 years). More specifically, our study showed that individuals in a high-variability group (n = 175) forgot more JSH-23 in vitro memory scenes over a 1-week retention interval than individuals in the low-variability group (n = 174). In contrast, slower RT speed was associated with poorer episodic memory in general, but unrelated to the amount of forgetting. Moreover, results from multiple group latent factor analyses showed that episodic memory and working memory functions were more highly correlated in the high-variability (r=.63) than in the low-variability (r=.25) group. Given that deficits in dopamine (DA) modulation may underlie increases in RT variability, the present findings are in line with (i) recent animal studies implicating DA in long-term episodic memory
consolidation and (ii) neurocomputational work linking DA modulation of performance variability to dedifferentiation of cognitive functions whatever in old age. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Skeletal muscle involvement by prostate cancer is considered to be ambiguous for extraprostatic extension when it is found at the apex, where benign prostatic glands naturally blend with the skeletal muscle of the rhabdosphincter. We investigated the significance of skeletal muscle involvement by cancer in needle biopsies in predicting adverse outcomes at radical prostatectomy.
Materials and Methods: From 2000 to 2009, we retrospectively identified 40 cases with Gleason score 6 adenocarcinoma involving up to 20% of 1 core, with skeletal muscle involvement. Outcomes of radical prostatectomy were compared with a control group of 82 cases with the same parameters without skeletal muscle involvement from the same period.
Results: In radical prostatectomy specimens Gleason score greater than 6, extraprostatic extension and positive margins were found in 15.0%, 7.5% and 12.5% of patients in the study group, compared to 20.7%, 11.0% and 4.9% of patients in the control group, respectively.