Sixty-six patients (4.9 %) after 1,345 LRYGB

operations vs. 49 patients (7.14 %) after 686 LSG operations developed early complications. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.039). Male gender percentage was significantly higher in complicated LSG group vs. complicated LRYGB group [23 patients (46.9 %) vs. 16 patients (24.2 %)] (p = 0.042). Mean BMI was significantly higher in the complicated LSG group (54.2 +/- 8.3) vs. complicated LRYGB group (46.8 +/- 5.7; p = 0.004). Median length of HS was not longer after complicated LSG compared with complicated INCB028050 LRYGB (11 vs. 10 days; p = 0.287). Leakage and bleeding were the most common complications after either procedure. Leakage rate was not higher after LSG (12 patients, 1.7 %) compared with LRYGB (22 patients, 1.6 %; p = 0.304). Bleeding rate was significantly higher after LSG (19 patients, 2.7 %) than after LRYGB (10 patients, 0.7 %; p = 0.004). Prolonged elevation of inflammatory markers was the most common presentation for complications after LSG (18 patients, 36.7 %) and LRYGB (31 patients, 46.9 %).

LSG was associated with more early complications. This may be attributed to higher BMI and predominance of males in LSG group.”
“The purpose of this study is to evaluate

the learning curve of thoracic pedicle screw (TPS) placement of an inexperienced apprentice in scoliosis with the free-hand technique.

The patients with scoliosis Tozasertib who underwent TPS inserted with the free-hand technique by the apprentice under the direction of a chief surgeon were included in this study. The TPS placement by the apprentice was evaluated by examining the assessed position in chronological subgroups of 30 screws. The TPS position was assessed on the postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan images using Zdichavsky grading evaluation system and pedicle breach. The

rates of good and dangerous screw placement and the rates of pedicle breaches in each apprentice subgroup were compared with those in the chief surgeon group.

Thirty-eight patients with 311 TPS were retrospectively analyzed in our VX-689 molecular weight study. Of all screws, 154 pedicle screws were inserted by the apprentice, and were divided chronologically into five subgroups. The rates of dangerous placement performed by the apprentice in the first two subgroups were 26.7 and 23.3%, respectively, and were significantly higher than 9.1% by the chief surgeon (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the breach rate was 46.6% in subgroup 1 and 50.0% in subgroup 2, and was significantly higher than 29.3% in chief surgeon (P < 0.05). Furthermore, after the first 60 TPS placements, the assessed rates in apprentice reached to a stable level, and no significant difference could be found among the subgroups (subgroup 3, 4 and 5) and the chief surgeon group (P > 0.05).