S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester in an aqueous system containing Tween-80 as the emulsifier. An inherent kinetic model based on irreversible ping-pong bi-bi mechanism with competitive inhibition of both enantiomer products was developed. The diffusion limitations and enzyme deactivation were proved to be negligible. The solution of ordinary differential equations “”ode45″” was successfully combined with Matlab optimization function Selleck INCB018424 “”fmincon”" to estimate kinetic parameters. The kinetic experiments were carried out in a 100 mL stirred tank

reactor at various temperatures (30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees C) at 200 rpm. The simulated values of the model fitted the experimental values well and the kinetic constant has a good fitness with Arrhenius equation. Thus, the kinetic model proposed here is feasible and can be used for mechanism interpretation of the hydrolytic resolution of racemic ketoprofen ester and the reactor scale-up design. High enantiomeric ratio (E of 87) indicates that this biotransformation is a promising example for the industrial production of (S)-ketoprofen. (C) 2011 Elsevier SNS-032 B.V. All rights

reserved.”
“Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and topiramate (TPM) is one of the most effective drugs that can render patients seizure-free. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the immunological safety of TPM in a mouse model. We examined the in vitro effect of TPM on immune functions of BV2 microglial cells, RAW 264.7 macrophages, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. We also examined the in vivo effect of TPM on mouse immune

organs, such as lymph node, spleen, and thymus. When cells were directly treated with TPM at concentrations from 1 to 30 mu g/ml, TPM did not affect nitrite production by BV2 cells and macrophages, proliferation of B cells and T cells, or maturation of dendritic cells. In addition, TPM did not change the weight and cellularity of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus in vivo at doses from 3 to 100 mg/kg injected i.p. into mice once a day for 4 consecutive days. These selleck chemicals llc data showed that TPM, which is widely used as an anti-epileptic drug, is immunologically safe.”
“Nanocomposites based on intercalated conducting polypyrrole (PPy) into the galleries of inorganic aluminum-pillared Montmorillonite (Al-PMMT) clay with varying concentrations of Al-PMMT were prepared by in situ chemical polymerization. The intercalation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern. Charge transport mechanism in these composites was investigated by temperature dependent direct current conductivity measurements. An increase in DC conductivity value on addition of (Al-PMMT) clay in the composites at all temperatures and a transition from three-dimensional (3D) Mott’s variable range hopping (VRH) process in pristine PPy to one-dimensional (1D) Mott’s VRH process in the intercalated polymer composites has been observed.