RESULTS Compared with the sole soybean oil feeding method, the final CPC concentration was enhanced from 25.3 g L-1 to a higher level of 31.9 g L-1 by the novel substrate co-feeding strategy. The major by-product of deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC) was reduced from 0.32 g L-1 to a lower
level of 0.092 g L-1, and the final DAOC/CPC ratio (0.28%) reached the CPC fermentation quality standard (below 0.5%). Metabolic flux analysis revealed that the carbon fluxes in the CPC synthesis related route were increased about 2.2-fold by applying the novel substrate co-feeding strategy. Conclusion The results indicated that the co-feeding of glucose and soybean oil in the main CPC production phase was desirable for CPC fermentation, and led to higher CPC production/yield and substrate utilization Alvocidib mouse efficiencies but less DAOC accumulation. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Background: The aim of this study was to radiographically analyze the long-term glenoid migration patterns following total shoulder arthroplasty to better understand the factors responsible for loosening.
Methods: Complete radiographic follow-up of more than five years was available for 518 total shoulder arthroplasties performed for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis with use of an anatomically designed prosthesis with a cemented,
allpolyethylene, keeled glenoid component. Radiographs were assessed for humeral head subluxation, periprosthetic radiolucent lines, and shifting of the position of the glenoid component. The type of migration of the glenoid was defined according to the direction of tilt, or as subsidence
in the case of medial migration.
Results: BIX 01294 solubility dmso CX-6258 Definite radiographic evidence of glenoid loosening was observed in 166 shoulders (32%) and was characterized by radiolucency of mm over the entire bone-cement interface in thirty shoulders and by a migration of the glenoid component (shift or subsidence) in 136 shoulders. Three predominant patterns of migration of the glenoid component were observed: superior tilting in fifty-two shoulders (10%), subsidence in forty-one shoulders (7.9%), and posterior tilting in thirty-three shoulders (6.4%). Superior tilting of the glenoid was associated with three risk factors: low positioning of the glenoia component, superior tilt of the glenoid component on the immediate postoperative coronal plane radiographs, and superior subluxation of the humeral head (p < 0.05 for all). Subsidence of the glenoid component was associated with the use of reaming to optimize the seating and positioning of the glenoid component (p < 0.001). Posterior tilting of the glenoid component was associated with preoperative posterior subluxation (i.e., a Welch type-B glenoid) and with excessive reaming (p < 0.01 for both).
Conclusions: The three patterns of migration observed in this study underscore the potential importance of the supporting bone beneath the glenoid component.