Photographic documentation of these processes was performed after staining small aliquots of the samples with Alcian Blue and negative staining with India ink. Concentrations of TEP were determined in distinct culture growth phases using semiquantitative Alcian Blue staining. Concentrations of TEP increased throughout

the experimental time, while Alcian Blue remaining in solution decreased. Decreasing concentrations of chl a indicated Ceritinib datasheet cellular death, and by the end of the experiment, TEP formed by both pathways accumulate in the culture medium. These results show that virtually all dead chains of A. spiroides are transformed into TEP in the aged culture. “
“The optimal conditions for the growth of two conspecific benthic diatoms were defined through factorial experimentation. We investigated the roles of light spectrum, nutrient availability, and culture conditions on the laboratory production of Cocconeis scutellum scutellum Ehrenb. and C. scutellum parva Grunow. Diatoms were cultivated in petri dishes, and

inverted optical microscopy was used to periodically record their abundance. Growth curves were constructed from these data for each culture condition. In addition, at the end of the experiment we performed weight measurements to determine the total production for each of the considered conditions. We found that cultivation in nonsealed (NS) petri click here dishes (permitting gas exchange) represented the most productive technique. Cell density and biomass varied among light spectra, although this effect was inconsistent. For example, the Sylvania Gro-Lux lamp (GL) produced the lowest cell density but highest biomass, suggesting that it may promote the production of larger cells. Surprisingly,

of Glutamate dehydrogenase the culture media tested, f/2 (a media commonly used for the culture of diatoms) was the least productive. Diatom density and biomass were variably dependent on the combination of experimental culture conditions and strain used. These physical and chemical factors act mainly on given features of the diatom growth curve. These results permitted us to devise adequate culture protocols, to produce a biotechnologically important substance: a proapoptotic compound that specifically destroys the androgenic gland of a shrimp and could find novel applications in human medicine. “
“Several species of the genus Turbinaria coexist along the coasts of islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Among these brown algae, Turbinaria ornata and T. conoides are sister species that are difficult to differentiate using exclusively morphological characters. Based on in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance and chromatographic techniques, i.e., liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, combined with phylogenetic data, we successfully identified turbinaric acid in T. conoides samples from several Indian and Pacific Ocean islands.