Methods: Women with early-stage breast cancer (n=2967) completed
the SF-36 (mental and physical health-related quality of life) and standardized psychosocial questionnaires to assess social support, optimism, hostility, and depression prior to randomization into a dietary trial. Cox regression was performed to assess whether Tipifarnib in vitro these measures of quality of life and psychosocial functioning predicted time to additional breast cancer events and all-cause mortality; hazard ratios were the measure of association.
Results: There were 492 additional breast cancer events and 301 deaths occurred over a median 7.3 years (range: 0.01-10.8 years) of follow-up. In multivariate models, poorer physical health was associated with both decreased time to additional breast cancer events and all-cause mortality (p trend=0.005 and 0.004, respectively), while greater hostility predicted additional breast cancer events only (p trend=0.03). None of the other psychosocial variables predicted either outcome. The hazard ratios comparing persons with poor (bottom two quintiles) to better (top three quintiles) physical health
were 1.42 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.75) for decreased time to additional breast cancer events and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.74) for all-cause mortality. Potentially modifiable factors associated with poor physical health included higher body mass index, lower physical activity, lower alcohol consumption, and more insomnia (p<0.05 for all).
Conclusion: Interventions to improve physical health should be tested as a means to increase time to Quizartinib mouse additional breast cancer events and mortality among breast cancer survivors. Copyright (C) 2010 John LDN-193189 chemical structure Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“SETTING: School-based survey in the mountainous nation of Bhutan.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI) among children aged 6-8 years.
DESIGN: A national-level tuberculin survey was carried out among children attending 64 schools selected by two-stage cluster sampling. The study population was comprised of children without and with bacille Calmette-Guerin
(BCG) scar. Tuberculin testing was performed using 2 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative RT23. The maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured at 48-72 h.
RESULTS: Of 6087 satisfactorily test-read children, 82% had a BCG scar. The frequency distribution of tuberculin reaction sizes in all children (with and without BCG scar) did not reveal the mode for tuberculous reactions. The mode seen at 17 mm among children without BCG scar was applied to estimate the prevalence of infection among all children using the mirror-image method. Estimation was also undertaken by shifting the mode by 1 mm on either side. The ARTI computed from the prevalence thus estimated varied between 0.2% and 0.7%. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection by BCG scar status, implying that the estimated ARTI was not influenced by BCG-induced tuberculin sensitivity.