Methods YM155 Forty-one (n=41) healthy males (21.73 ± 1.74 yrs; 176.48 ± 7.54 cm; 81.16 ± 10.94 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. All test subjects completed a health history and caffeine usage questionnaires, as well as a consent form prior to participation. Subjects completed a pre and post sit-up to fatigue test within a week of one another. During the post-test session EVP4593 price subjects were either given four ounces of an energy supplement (Redline by VPX) or a placebo, 30 minutes prior to testing. Administration of the supplement was double blind. Twenty-three (n=23) subjects received the supplement, while eighteen

(n=18) subjects received the placebo. A 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA was used to determine between group differences for the muscular endurance assessments,at an alpha level of 0.10. Results Analysis of the data revealed a significant interaction at PRI-724 supplier the alpha 0.10 level, F (1, 40) = 2.79, p = 0.075. As indicated, the degrees of freedom are limited by sample size; therefore, with more subjects in both the treatment and placebo group the expected outcome would be magnified. However, further examination of the data revealed an important finding, the sit-up scores of the

treatment group were significantly higher for the posttest (59.00 ± 20.65) than the sit-up scores for the placebo group (53.06 ± 20.63). The treatment effect was further emphasized when comparing pretest sit-up scores. There was no significant difference in pretest sit-up scores between the groups (treatment: 52.13 ± 18.94, placebo: 53.44 ± 17.73), however posttest scores revealed significantly higher scores in the treatment group (13.2%) when compared to the placebo (- 0.7%). Conclusions The results of this study indicate thatthe pre-exercise liquid energy supplement investigated had a significant effect on upper-body muscular endurance as measured by the sit-up to fatigue test when taken within 30 minutes of the exercise bout.”
“Background The health and weight control benefits of low carbohydrate diets are well established. Likewise, nutrient timing has been shown to effectively enhance exercise

performance. However, there exists an apparent conflict between these two dietary strategies. In fact, many authorities consider high glycemic carbohydrates to PtdIns(3,4)P2 be a necessary component of nutrient timing and there is no place in athletic training or competition for low carbohydrate diets. Low carbohydrate diets Various low carbohydrate diets have been shown to provide beneficial changes in body mass, lipid profiles and other health risk factors. Recent evidence indicates that diets with lower glycemic index carbohydrates and increased protein provide greater weight loss and maintenance of the reduced weight as compared with high glycemic and low protein diets. Insulin release is lower with lower blood glucose levels, thereby reducing fatty acid metabolism and storage.