The results corroborated the hypothesis that a preponderance of studies were performed in contexts external to the realm of marketing.

Despite its crucial role in Brazil's social and economic landscape, the Brazilian dairy industry requires diligent environmental stewardship. A robust and widely used metric system for quantifying the sustainability of such enterprises remains undefined and unstandardized, both in application and in the theoretical realm. With this study, we intend to establish a set of sustainability indicators suitable for small and medium-sized dairy businesses in Brazil. Employing a hierarchical, top-down method founded upon the Global Reporting Initiative and a participatory, bottom-up approach utilizing questionnaires among dairy industry stakeholders, the selection of sustainability indicators was performed. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, developed through a top-down methodology, was completed by 238 dairy industry respondents in Brazil. This questionnaire aimed to determine the importance of each indicator in the industry. A pivotal outcome of the study's main results is the selection of a 28-part sustainability indicator suite, broken down into environmental (13), social (9), and economic (6) aspects, to be employed by small and medium-sized Brazilian dairy companies. The existing literature gaps concerning small and medium-sized dairy industries in Brazil are addressed by this set of indicators, which comprehensively encompasses the triple bottom-line dimensions, is applicable across various dairy industry departments, and was selected via a participatory process involving dairy industry professionals.

Digital finance's emergence and subsequent application have transformed the real economy, prompting a critical review of its contribution to enhanced industrial green total factor productivity. The industrial green total factor productivity of each province in China for the period from 2011 to 2020 is measured using the EBM-ML index, calculated from provincial panel data. Employing a panel fixed effects model, one can ascertain the effects of digital finance on the total factor productivity of industrial green production. In order to explore the conduction mechanisms within it, the intermediary effect model is structured. The study delves deeper into the varying influences of digital finance on the overall green productivity of different industrial sectors. The results highlight a considerable role for digital finance in enhancing industrial green total factor productivity. Digital finance indirectly fosters a rise in industrial green total factor productivity through the channels of technological innovation, industrial advancement, and entrepreneurial dynamism. The influence of digital finance on the green total factor productivity of industries displays clear distinctions according to different sub-categories and geographic areas. Considering the preceding conclusions, we propose policy adjustments, including the restoration of digital finance channels and the implementation of a diversified digital finance growth strategy. This paper's key contribution lies in its approach, using digital finance as a starting point to analyze the real economy, thereby enhancing the scope of digital finance research.

China's 30-60 plan addresses global warming concerns. The accessibility of the plan is explored through the lens of Henan Province. The Henan Province economy's connection to carbon emissions is examined using the Tapio decoupling model. The extended STIRPAT model and ridge regression method were used to study the factors affecting carbon emissions in Henan Province, generating a prediction equation for future carbon emissions. To analyze and predict Henan Province's carbon emissions from 2020 to 2040, three development scenarios were designed: standard, low-carbon, and high-speed, each grounded in a specific economic development model. The results indicate that energy intensity and structural effects facilitate a more optimal relationship between economy and carbon emissions in Henan Province. The structure of energy systems and carbon emission intensity significantly diminish carbon emissions, whereas the structure of industries significantly augments carbon emissions. The carbon peak goal for Henan Province by 2030 is achievable under a stringent, low-carbon development pathway, but a high-speed development trajectory renders it inaccessible. Consequently, to meet the predetermined carbon peaking and neutralization targets, Henan Province must modify its industrial makeup, refine its energy consumption patterns, boost energy efficiency, and curtail energy intensity.

A comprehension of primate feeding patterns is essential for grasping their natural history, their group dynamics, and their interplay with their surroundings. Significant dietary flexibility is a hallmark of Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.), offering a compelling opportunity to examine the wide-ranging variations in diet between different species of primates. A systematic literature review of publications concerning the dietary habits of free-ranging Sapajus spp. was conducted by us. Through the use of the Web of Science platform, organize the groups. A scientometric examination of the research objectives and hypotheses was conducted, along with the identification of knowledge gaps and the evaluation of the dietary composition for each cohort. A geographic and taxonomic slant is apparent in the findings of the 59 published studies examined. Long-term study sites provided the settings for the research, which was specifically centered on Sapajus nigritus, Sapajus libidinosus, and Sapajus apella. The recurring topics in the study were foraging and behavioral aspects of food processing. Capuchin monkeys modify their consumption of human-produced foods in correlation with the supply. Although these investigations shared comparable goals, standardized methodologies for data collection were absent. Given the presence of Sapajus species in this environment, a closer look into their actions is imperative. Commonly used in cognitive research, their widespread distribution belies a significant knowledge gap in basic aspects of their natural history, including their diet. With a view to addressing the gaps in our knowledge pertaining to this genus, we urge further studies, and recommend investigations into the influence of dietary changes on both individuals and groups. As the Neotropical region bears a disproportionate burden of anthropogenic impacts, the prospects of studying these primates in their natural habitat diminish relentlessly.

The occurrence of rare inherited retinal degenerative disorders, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA), is a cause for concern. In this population, the Visual Symptom and Impact Outcomes patient-reported outcome (ViSIO-PRO) and observer-reported outcome (ViSIO-ObsRO) instruments were created to evaluate visual function symptoms and their effects on vision-dependent daily activities and broader health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of this research was to scrutinize the psychometric properties of the ViSIO-PRO and ViSIO-ObsRO instruments in relation to RP/LCA.
The 49-item ViSIO-PRO and 27-item ViSIO-ObsRO instruments were completed by 83 adult and adolescent patients and 22 caregivers of child patients with RP/LCA, aged 3-11 years, at both baseline and 12-16 days post-baseline. Concurrent procedures were also in place during the initial data collection. PRT4165 mw Dimensionality, scoring, reliability, validity, and score interpretation of items (questions) were all evaluated using psychometric analyses.
The distribution of item responses was largely uniform across the response scale, and the baseline inter-item correlations within the hypothesized domains were largely moderate to strong (greater than 0.30). Based on item features, qualitative data, and clinical feedback, the decision to delete items preserved 35 ViSIO-PRO items and 25 ViSIO-ObsRO items, with other items removed. A four-factor model, congruent with pre-hypothesized domains, received support from confirmatory factor analysis, evaluating visual function symptoms, mobility, vision-dependent activities of daily living, and distal health-related quality of life. PRT4165 mw A bifactor model provided a framework for calculating total scores and four domain scores. A strong internal consistency was observed for both domain and total scores, indicated by Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.70. Furthermore, the test-retest reliability of total scores was substantial between the initial assessment and the 12-16 day follow-up, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.66 to 0.98. PRT4165 mw Concurrent measures showed strong, logically patterned correlations, affirming convergent validity. The mean baseline scores exhibited notable variations based on the severity classifications. Distribution-based methods offered initial guidance for interpreting scores.
Analysis of the findings revealed that the instruments could be simplified and scored reliably. Substantial evidence of both reliability and validity was also found in outcome measures collected from RP/LCA. Further research continues on the responsiveness of both the ViSIO-PRO and ViSIO-ObsRO instruments and how to interpret the subsequent changes in their readings.
The findings demonstrated the efficacy of reducing items on the instruments, along with establishing a standardized scoring system. Outcome measures in RP/LCA, demonstrating reliability and validity, were also documented. To enhance understanding of the ViSIO-PRO and ViSIO-ObsRO instruments' responsiveness and the interpretation of change scores, further research is proceeding.

A key factor in the development of intractable epilepsy in children is the presence of malformations of cortical development (MCD). We investigated a treatment based on molecular changes, using an infant rat model of methylazoxymethanol (MAM)-induced MCD, developed by injecting MAM on gestational day 15. On postnatal day 15 (P15), sacrifices of the offspring were carried out for proteomic analysis, revealing significant downregulation of the synaptogenesis signaling pathway in the cortex of MCD rats.