For yellow fever regions, they should usually be given a yellow fever vaccine waiver letter stating that the contraindication to vaccination is acceptable to most governments; such letters should bear the stamp of an official, approved yellow fever immunization center. While some less immunosuppressed travelers have tolerated the vaccine, including individuals with a distant history of hematological malignancy,[8, 9] complications including death have been reported in immunosuppressed individuals after vaccination[10] and recommendations avoid its use in immunocompromised travelers.[11]

The findings of Mikati and colleagues[6] that immunocompetent travelers were more likely to visit regions endemic for yellow fever than immunocompromised travelers (22% vs Lumacaftor research buy 11%, p = 0.07) may reflect education steering them away from these zones. Practitioners caring for immunocompromised hosts may find the following sites useful in providing country-specific information that may assist with EPZ5676 datasheet preliminary information: for example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Travelers’ Health site (wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list.htm), the World Health Organization (www.who.int/ith/chapters/en/index.html), or MD Travel Health (www.mdtravelhealth.com). A new book on travel medicine for patients has a

special section on travel medicine for immunocompromised hosts.[12] Clinicians should be aware that patients may return with unexpected pathogens, including both geographically restricted illnesses (ie, dengue and hepatitis E), and also routine but more resistant pathogens (ie, multidrug-resistant Salmonella[13] and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms[14]). Lastly, certain diseases may especially affect immunocompromised hosts even years later. Leishmaniasis can alter the presentation, diagnosis, and course of various malignant disorders.[15] Other pathogens can reactivate in the setting of immunosuppression,

ie Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Strongyloides stercoralis, and chemoprophylaxis should be given to those shown to have (or at high risk for) latent infection before starting immunosuppressive drugs.[16] The importance of both prevention via pre-travel medicine and a detailed travel history Erastin mouse remains crucial in providing optimal care. The author states she has no conflict of interest to declare. “
“This issue of the Journal of Travel Medicine contains two articles drafted by an expert committee of the International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM) charged with examining what it means to be a traveler who visits friends and relatives (VFR).1,2 They have arrived at the decision that a new definition is needed. Previous definitions of VFR travelers usually included variations on the theme that the travelers involved were recent immigrants who were returning to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives.