Cassie ABD, Baxter S: Large contact angles of plant and animal su

Cassie ABD, Baxter S: Large contact angles of plant and animal surfaces. Nature 1945, 155:21–22.CrossRef 29. Shibuichi S, Onda T, Satoh N, Tsujii K: Super water-repellent surfaces resulting from fractal structure. J Phys Chem 1996, 100:19512–19517.CrossRef 30. Onda T, Shibuichi S, Satoh N, Tsujii K: Super-water-repellent fractal surfaces. Langmuir 1996, 12:2125–2127.CrossRef 31. Xiong S, Qi W, Huang B, Wang M, Li Y: Size and shape dependent Gibbs free energy and phase stability of titanium and zirconium nanoparticles.

Mater Chem Phys 2010, 120:446–451.CrossRef 32. Stepien M, Saarinen JJ, Teisala H, Tuominen M, Aromaa M, Kuusipalo J, Mäkelä JM, Toivakka M: Adjustable wettability of paperboard by liquid flame spray nanoparticle check details deposition. Appl Surf Sci 2011, 257:1911–1917.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions MS, JJS, and MT (AAU) designed and planned the experiments. HT, MT (TUT), JH, JMM, and JK fabricated the nanoparticle-coated paperboard samples. MS conducted all the experiments and performed the data analysis. JJS wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Measuring strain accurately has become much more important since new technology fields such as health Metabolism inhibitor monitoring, artificial

skin engineering, intelligent textile engineering, motion detection, and environment monitoring have emerged [1–7]. Flexible materials Meloxicam are widely employed for these applications due to the diversity of body shapes to which the sensors are attached and the variability of strain in see more action. Recent progress on the material systems includes graphene ripples on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates [8], Si/Ge nanowire matrix on polyimide substrates [3], Pt-coated polymer nanofibers sandwiched between PDMS sheets [9], Si nanoribbons on polyimide substrates [10], carbon nanotube ribbons embedded in PDMS [11], ZnO nanowire/polystyrene hybrid structure on PDMS [12], and graphene

on PDMS [13]. Although high gauge factors reaching 116 and the adaptability to various forms of stresses such as tension, compression, shear stress, and torsion have been demonstrated through those approaches, a few weak points still need to be addressed. For instance, sensor fabrication processes were somewhat complicated, tolerable strains were low (less than several percent) for many systems, and most sensors were not completely transparent, whereas conventional strain sensors made of metal foils also suffer from limited sensitivity and high power consumption [14]. From previous works on palladium (Pd) film on a PDMS substrate, it was demonstrated that the Pd film was broken into pieces under an external or internal strain and it could be applied for highly sensitive hydrogen gas sensors [15–18].

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