(c) 2011 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.”
“AimsTo examine how changes in social roles, particularly in the family, predict rises and falls in alcohol
consumption click here from ages 16 to 50 years.
DesignLongitudinal data from the National Child Development Study.
SettingThe birth cohort includes 99% of British infants born in 1 week in 1958.
ParticipantsAfter initial assessment of 17415 infants, the cohort was interviewed at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, 33, 42, 46, and 50. This study uses the six adolescent to adult waves (n=7212 women, 7377 men).
MeasurementsAlcohol use [i.e. quantity consumed in past week and heavy-daily drinking), symptoms of problem drinking (i.e. Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye-opener (CAGE)] and social roles (i.e. union formation, parenthood and employment).
FindingsEstimates from fixed-effects models demonstrate that alcohol use is lower when women reside with child(ren) under age 5, compared to occasions when they do not [estimate=-0.38, 95% INCB024360 confidence interval (CI)=-0.43, -0.32 for past week units; odds ratio (OR)=0.47, CI=0.36, 0.62 for heavy-daily drinking; OR=0.66, CI=0.50, 0.87 for CAGE symptoms]. Associations are
similar for men (estimate=-0.29, CI=-0.36, -0.23; OR=0.64, CI=0.53, 0.77; OR=0.69, CI=0.51, 0.94, respectively). When women and men are married, working and residing with young child(ren), past week units (estimate=-0.51, CI=-0.61, -0.41 for women; estimate=-0.34, CI=-0.44, -0.25 for men), heavy-daily drinking (OR=0.49, CI=0.30, 0.79 for women; OR=0.47, CI=0.35, 0.64 for men) and CAGE (OR=0.44, CI=0.23, 0.83 for women; OR=0.39, CI=0.18, 0.82 for men) are lower compared to occasions when they are not in these roles.
ConclusionsFrom late adolescence to mid-life, women and men in Britain are most at risk for higher levels of alcohol BIBF 1120 molecular weight consumption and problem drinking
when family roles are absent.”
“Scalp burns can be caused by hair bleaching with excess procedures such as unnecessary heating and excessive treatment with bleaching agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and histological changes of the hair and skin after bleaching. Ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide (6% or 9%) solution mixed at a ratio of 1:2 (weight ratio) were sufficiently applied to human hairs and rat skin. The bleached hairs were brightened up to yellow by increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and time of bleach treatment. After bleaching, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe that the cuticle scales of the hairs were irregular and lifted. The mechanical properties of the bleached hairs, such as tensile strength and elongation, were slightly different than the untreated hairs. The tested rat skin showed severe swelling after treatment of the bleaching agent (9% hydrogen peroxide). The rat skin bleached with 9% hydrogen peroxide exhibited epidermal thinning and subepidermal vesicle formation.