Among the morphological changes, disorganized parenchymal architecture in the liver, dilated Bowman’s space in the kidney, fibrolysis in the heart, necrotic enteritis in the intestines, and hemorrhages PX-478 solubility dmso in the gills, were observed. Moreover, some oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver and kidney of tilapias were altered. Thus, CYN exposure induced increased protein oxidation products in both organs, NADPH oxidase activity was significantly increased with the kidney being the most affected organ, and decreased GSH contents were also detected in both organs, at the higher dose assayed. (c)
2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 371-385, 2014.”
“Background: Left ventricular (LV) postero-lateral scar and total PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 scar burden are factors responsible for a poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and (99m)Tc-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging are widely used to detect myocardial scar tissue; however, their ability to detect regional scars and predict a positive response to CRT has not been fully evaluated.
Methods: CMR and SPECT were performed in 17 patients with dilated cordiomyopathy (DCM) and seven patients with ischemic cardiomyopothy (ICM) before CRT. All images were scored, using a 17-segment model. To analyze the LV scar regions by CMR, we assessed the transmural delayed enhancement extent as the transmural score in each segment (0 = no scar, 4 = transmural
scar). Similarly, a perfusion defect score was assigned to each segment by SPECT (0 = normal uptake, 4 = defect).
Results: By both SPECT and CMR imaging, the total scar score was significantly higher in the ICM than in the DCM group. An LV postero-lateral wall scar region was detected using both imaging modes. By SPECT imaging, the percentage of regional scar score in the LV inferior wall was significantly higher in the DCM than in the ICM group.
Conclusions: By SPECT imaging in the DGM group, severe perfusion defects, due to attenuation artifacts, were PLX-4720 cell line frequently observed in the LV inferior wall, resulting in the overestimation of scar tissue. CMR identified nonresponders to CRT more reliably than SPECT in patients with DCM. (PACE 2009; 32:S57-S62)”
“Characteristics of phase transitions of lead barium niobate compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated. Using structural characterizations, it was found that the morphotropic phase boundary extends toward a wide composition range, in which both tetragonal (4mm) and orthorhombic (m2m) tungsten bronze phases coexist. In addition, on heating, two phase transitions were observed for all the studied compositions.