A study demonstrated that the improvement in muscle strength after training correlated GSK1120212 chemical structure with the improvement of quality of life (Jankowska et al 2008). Since resistance training ameliorates

muscle strength more effectively than aerobic training alone, adding resistance exercise may strengthen the effect of exercise on quality of life. Beckers and colleagues reported that resistance exercise combined with aerobic training had a significant greater benefit on quality of life, as measured by the Health Complaints Scale, than aerobic training alone (Beckers et al 2008). Furthermore, low compliance was noted in the study that reported no improvement in QOL (Cider et al 1997). There is a need for further studies on resistance training on quality of life, especially with strategies to optimise adherence to the training regimen (Mandic et al 2009). This review had some limitations. The numbers of included studies and sample sizes were relatively small. The outcome variable measures were often different between studies, limiting the potential for meta-analysis. The likelihood of publication bias can not be assessed. Data

for females were very limited. A previous study indicated that female patients had less improvement in cardiopulmonary function than males after combined resistance and aerobic training (Miche et al 2008). Thus the conclusion of this review may not be applicable to female populations. The gender differences Sodium butyrate in aetiology and pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (Regitz-Zagrosek et al 2004) and responses to resistance training deserve further investigation. In conclusion, resistance Akt inhibitor training alone increases 6-minute walking distance but has no additional benefits on heart function, maximal exercise capacity, or quality of life. Furthermore, it does not improve any of these outcomes in people with chronic heart failure who already perform aerobic exercise training. However, further prospective controlled trials of high-quality

and large scale are needed to confirm the conclusion of this systematic review. eAddenda: Appendix 1, Figures 3, 5, 7, 9 available at jop. physiotherapy.asn.au Competing interests: None declared. “
“Only half of non-ambulatory stroke patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation in Australia learn to walk again (Dean and Mackey 1992). Being able to walk is a major determinant of whether a patient returns home after stroke or resides in a nursing home. In 2005, a Cochrane review concluded that, as an intervention in non-ambulatory patients, the efficacy of treadmill walking with body weight support via an overhead harness was unclear (Moseley et al 2005). The MOBILISE trial set out to determine the efficacy of treadmill walking with body weight support compared with assisted overground walking in establishing walking in non-ambulatory people after stroke.