(2) However, there is a high mortality rate for patients on transplant waiting lists, and the use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) is often required as a bridge to HTx.(3)”
“Spreading depression (SD) is pronounced depolarization of neurons and glia learn more that travels slowly across brain tissue followed by massive redistribution of ions between intra- and extracellular compartments. There is a relationship between SD and some neurological disorders. In the present study the effects of repetitive SD on neuronal damage in cortical and subcortical regions of juvenile rat brain were investigated. The animals were anesthetized and the electrodes as well as cannula were implanted

over the brain. SD-like event was induced by KCI injection. The brains were removed after 2 or 4 weeks after induction of 2 or 4 SD-like waves (with interval of 1 week), respectively. Normal saline was injected instead of KCI in sham group. For stereological study, paraffin-embedded brains were cut in 5 mu m sections. The sections were stained with Toluidine Blue to measure the volume-weighted mean volume of normal neurons and the numerical density of dark neurons. The volume-weighted mean volume of normal neurons in the granular layer of the

dentate gyrus and layer V of the temporal cortex in SD group were significantly decreased ARRY-162 molecular weight ioxilan after four repetitive SD. Furthermore, densities of dark neurons in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus (after 2 weeks), the caudate putamen, and layer V of the temporal cortex (after 4 weeks) were significantly increased in SD group. Repetitive cortical SD in juvenile rats may cause neuronal damage in cortical and subcortical areas of the brain. This may important in pathophysiology

of SD-related neurological disorders. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Advanced recipient age continues to be used as an exclusion criterion for lung transplantation. 1 However, given the changing age demographics in most developed countries, redefinition of the appropriate recipient age limit for lung transplantation is needed because it has become an established therapeutic option with acceptable mortality for end-stage lung diseases. Given those conditions, we recently have expanded our criteria for both recipients and donors in lung transplantation. 2 We present the case of an 81-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who is the oldest known successful lung transplant recipient reported.”
“Evidence indicates that accumulation of excitotoxic mediators, such as glutamate, contributes to neuronal damage after an ischaemic insult. It is not clear, however, whether this accumulation is due to excess synaptic release or to impaired uptake.