The title compounds were investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using BAY 73-4506 carrageenan induced rat paw edema and acetic induced writhing

test, respectively. All the test compounds exhibited significant activity, compounds IVg, IVh and IVb showed more potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared with standard (Ibuprofen). All the test compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced writhings induced by the acetic acid in mice.”
“Dicroceliosis, a lancet fluke infection, is a frequent parasitosis of small ruminants and the anthelmintic drug albendazole (ABZ) is effective in control of this parasitosis. The aim of our project was to study the metabolism of ABZ and ABZ sulphoxide (ABZ.SO) in lancet fluke. Both in vitro (subcellular fractions of fluke homogenates) and ex vivo experiments (adult flukes cultivated in medium) were performed for this purpose. ABZ was metabolised in vitro by lancet fluke NADPH-dependent enzymes by two oxidative steps (sulphoxidation and sulphonation). The apparent kinetic parameters of these reactions have been determined. In the ex vivo experiments, only ABZ sulphoxidation

was observed. The stereospecificity in ABZ sulphoxidation Pexidartinib price in vitro was slight, with preferential formation of (+)-ABZ.SO enantiomer. In contrast (-)-ABZ.SO formation predominated in ex vivo experiments. Sulphoreduction of ABZ.SO occurred neither in vivo nor ex vivo. The detection of ABZ oxidative metabolites indicates the learn more presence of drug metabolising oxidases in lancet fluke. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Three new monoterpene glycosides, 2-O-benzoylpaeoniflorin, albiflorin R-2, and albiflorin R-3 (1-3) were isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic means including one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments.”
“The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug (s) to the proper site in the body in order to promptly achieve and there by to maintain the

desired drug concentrations during treatment. This idealized objective can be achieved by targeting the drugs to a specific organ or tissue with the help of controlling the release rate of the drug during the transit time in gastro intestinal tract. Poorly water-soluble drugs, which are lipophilic in nature easily, mix with PEA polymer and show good absorption rate. The PEA polymeric materials used in the current study have good pharmaceutical and biological properties; water is used to prepare PEA polymer microspheres by meltable dispersed emulsified cooling induced solidification method. Surface morphology of prepared microspheres has been evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images revealed the spherical shape of microspheres with size ranges 339 mu m to 357 mu m. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicated that the drug after encapsulation with PEA polymer was stable and compatible.

CC-AAbs were detected and the relationship between CC-AAbs and patient prognosis was analyzed. During a median follow-up time of 52 months, there were 578 deaths. Of these, sudden cardiac death (SCD) occurred in 102 cases of DCM and 121 cases of ICM. The presence of CC-AAbs in patients was significantly higher than that of controls (both P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that positive CC-AAbs could predict SCD (HR 3.191, 95% CI 1.598-6.369 for DCM; HR 2.805, 95% CI 1.488-5.288 for ICM) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.733, STAT inhibitor 95% CI 1.042-2.883 for DCM; HR 2.219, 95% CI 1.461-3.371 for ICM) in CHF patients. A significant association between CC-AAbs and

non-SCD (NSCD) was found in ICM patients (HR = 1.887, 95% CI 1.081-3.293). Our results demonstrated that the presence of CC-AAbs was higher in CHF patients versus controls and corresponds to a higher incidence find protocol of all-cause death and SCD. Positive CC-AAbs may serve as an independent predictor for SCD and all-cause death in these patients.”
“High-resolution x-ray diffraction was used to compare strain relaxation and defect populations in thin GaN/AlN heterostructures (total thickness approximate to 480 nm) grown on (0001) SiC using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and hydride vapor epitaxy

(HVPE) techniques. The results of high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements (rocking curves and reciprocal space mapping) were corroborated using transmission electron microscopy. Differently grown films exhibited dissimilar strain relaxation and defect populations that were related to specific

growth conditions. In the MOCVD films, grown under lower deposition rates, the elastic strain in the AlN and GaN layers was fully relaxed at the initial stages of the epitaxial growth yielding nearly similar densities of threading dislocation segments (TDS) in layer volumes. Additional, “”secondary”" elastic stresses in these layers were attributed to the excess of point defects. In the HVPE films, grown under higher (five to ten times) deposition rates, these layers were over relaxed and the density of TDS in the GaN layer was an order of CX-6258 solubility dmso magnitude larger than that in AlN. The MOCVD-grown sample was devoid of planar defects whereas the HVPE film contains significant densities of stacking faults in both GaN and AlN layers. Formation of “”secondary”" extended defects was interpreted in terms of creation and structural transformation of point defects during epitaxial growth. Differences in strain levels, types, and defect populations/distributions for the two heterostructures were attributed to the different growth rates for MOCVD and HVPE. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3437632]“
“Gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) is an innovative plastic processing technology, which was developed from the conventional injection molding, and has currently found wide industrial applications.

(C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 1018-1024, 2009″
“Background It is strongly recommended that patients wear compression after foam sclerotherapy, but pulling up a stocking may inadvertently flush foam into the femoral vein, which may increase the risk of systemic side effects and reduce great saphenous vein (GSV) occlusion rates. Objective The JNK-IN-8 in vitro hypothesis was that a stocking pull-up

maneuver would increase flow in the GSV. The aim was to quantify this using duplex ultrasound. Methods and Materials Twelve consecutive patients with primary varicose veins were studied. A below-knee 23- to 32-mmHg graduated elastic compression stocking was placed over the foot, leaving a cuff of redundant stocking around the ankle. Duplex ultrasound over the saphenofemoral junction was used to measure peak velocity (PV) and volume flow (VF) before and while the stocking was being pulled up. Results

The pull-up maneuver caused a median 17.7 times increase in PV (interquartile SN-38 cell line range (IQR) 14.223.9), from 7.6 cm/seconds (IQR 6.49.8 cm/seconds) to 150.5 cm/seconds (IQR 110187 cm/seconds) and a 9.4 times increase in VF (IQR 7.710.3), from 50.9 mL/minutes (IQR 33.878.9 mL/minutes) to 458.7 mL/minutes (IQR 292.1593 mL/minutes) (p = .002). Conclusion A stocking causes significant hemodynamic changes within the GSV. These forces could be avoided by the partial application of a stocking to knee level before foam injection. Further work may establish the implication of these findings in patients treated with foam sclerotherapy.”
“Photoelectrical measurements were taken on a nominally undoped-InGaP/GaAs superlattice, inserted between two p(+) and n(+) InGaP cladding layers. The sequence of InGaP/GaAs alternated layers forming

the superlattice was grown lattice matched on n(+)-GaAs substrates through low pressure-metal organic vapor phase epitaxy, at growth conditions previously optimized for obtaining sharp interfaces and negligible BLZ945 supplier ordering effects in the cation sublattice of the InGaP layers. A peculiar dependence of both the photocurrent and the photovoltaic signals on the modulation frequency of the exciting light beam was observed and then interpreted according to proper equivalent electrical circuits. The effects induced by an incomplete depletion of the nominally undoped superlattice region are analyzed in detail, and the analogies between photoelectrical investigation and admittance spectroscopy are pointed out.”
“The effects of soft-segment molecular weight and organic modification of montmorillonite (MMT) on thermal and mechanical properties of segmented polyurethane (PU) elastomers were investigated. The PU/MMT nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization, and the compositions included soft segments with number average molecular weights of 1000, 2000, and 2900, and organic-modified MMT (including MMT-30B and MMT-130E).

Western blotting was used to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying these effects.

RESULTS: Assays for 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium this website bromide) revealed a strong synergistic growth-inhibitory effect between sorafenib and vitamin K2. Flow cytometry showed an

increase in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis after treatment with a combination of these two drugs at low concentrations. Sorafenib-mediated inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation was promoted by vitamin K2, and downregulation of Mcl-1, which is required for sorafenib-induced apoptosis, was observed after combined treatment. Vitamin K2 also attenuated the downregulation of p21 expression induced by sorafenib, which may represent the mechanism by which vitamin K2 promotes the inhibitory effects of sorafenib on cell proliferation. Moreover, the combination of sorafenib

and vitamin K2 significantly inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results JQ-EZ-05 nmr determined that combined treatment with sorafenib and vitamin K2 can work synergistically to inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This finding raises the possibility that this combined treatment strategy might be promising as a new therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma, especially for patients with poor liver tolerance.”
“Background The male: female (M: F) mortality ratio for under-five mortality varies considerably across and within societies. Maternal education has been linked to better outcomes for girls, but the evidence is mixed. We examined how the M: F ratio for under-five mortality varies by maternal education in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia.

Methods

We used recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 31 sub-Saharan African and 4 southern Asian countries. M:F mortality ratios were determined using information on 49 769 deaths among 521 551 children. We estimate M:F ratios for under-five (month 0-59), neonatal (month 0), post-neonatal (month 1-11) and child mortality (month 12-59) by maternal education while controlling for demographic and household S63845 ic50 characteristics. M:F ratios for under-five mortality and child mortality are compared with more ‘gender neutral’ thresholds (of 1.25 and 1.17, respectively) estimated on the basis of the Human Mortality Database.

Results In sub-Saharan Africa, the M:F ratio for under-five mortality is 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.13] among non-educated mothers, 1.14 (95% CI 1.09-1.19) among mothers with some primary education and 1.25 (95% CI 1.16-1.34) among mothers with some secondary or more education. For southern Asia, the ratios are 0.88 (95% CI 0.82-0.95), 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-1.25) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.02-1.26), respectively.

Before screening programmes are recommended, evidence is needed of individual and/or community-level benefits.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the evidence that screening for TB disease 1) initially increases LDN-193189 ic50 the number of TB cases initiated on anti-tuberculosis treatment, 2) identifies cases earlier in the course of disease, 3) reduces mortality and morbidity, and 4) impacts on TB epidemiology.

RESULTS: A total of 28 798 publications were identified by the search strategy: 27 087 were excluded on initial screening and 1749 on full text review, leaving 62 publications that addressed at least

one of the study questions. Screening increases the number of cases found in the short term. In many settings, more than half of the prevalent TB cases in the community remain

undiagnosed. Screening tends to find cases earlier and with less severe disease, but this may be attributed to case-finding studies using more sensitive diagnostic methods than routine programmes. Treatment outcomes among people identified through screening arc similar to outcomes among those identified through passive case finding. Mdm2 inhibitor Current studies provide insufficient evidence to show that active screening for TB disease impacts on TB epidemiology.

CONCLUSION: Individual and community-level benefits from active screening for TB disease remain uncertain. So far, the benefits of earlier diagnosis on patient outcomes and transmission have not been established.”
“We present first-principles calculations of the structural and electronic properties of possible graphitelike BC4N constructed from 3r-graphite structure. Our calculation results show that the hexagonal BC4N structure stacked with one B-N layer and two C-C layers has the lowest total energy among all constructed BC4N structures. The calculated negative formation energy indicates that it may be synthesized from 3r-graphite and 3r-BN. Its stability has been further confirmed by mechanical stability criteria. The electronic properties show that

it is a narrow band gap semiconductor.”
“Sufentanil is a potent PCI-34051 purchase synthetic opioid. Like other opioids, sufentanil creates a stable hemodynamic environment in cardiovascularly compromised pediatric patients. Clearance, expressed as per kilogram, is increased in children compared to adults. The P450 CYP3A4 enzyme is responsible for the major metabolic N-dealkylation pathway. Enzyme activity is reduced in neonates but the maturation of sufentanil clearance is not described. The free active fraction is affected by age because of the reduced alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein plasma concentrations in neonates. Intranasal administration of sufentanil is a possible option for premedication, procedural sedation and analgesia in children, as this option has been found to be safe and effective.

In contrast to previous models, the explicit kinetic heterogeneity model 1) provides a novel way of interpreting labeling

data; 2) allows for a non-exponential loss of labeled cells CHIR98014 during delabeling, and 3) can be used to describe data with variable labeling length.”
“BACKGROUND: Despite clear guideline recommendations, there is a growing body of evidence that there is suboptimal use of lipid-lowering treatment in Canadians.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and types of persistent lipid abnormalities in Canadian patients receiving statin therapy.

METHODS: The present cross-sectional study recruited 2436 outpatients 45 years of age or older who were treated with statins by 232 physicians from 10 provinces; all underwent clinical examination and had their latest fasting lipid values while on statin therapy recorded.

RESULTS: The

median patient age was 66 years (interquartile range [IQR] 58 to 74 years), 60% were men and 80% were in the high 10-year risk category. The median low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was 2.0 mmol/L (IQR 1.6 mmol/L to 2.5 mmol/L) and the median total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was 3.4 mmol/L (IQR 2.8 mmol/L to 4.1 mmol/L). However, based on the 2006 Canadian Cardiovascular Society recommendations, 37% of all patients did not have a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level at goal or intervention target level, including 45% of high-risk category patients. The majority of patients received atorvastatin (50%) Selleck GSK2879552 or rosuvastatin (37%) but primarily at low-to-medium doses, and a minority (14%) received additional lipid-modifying therapies.

CONCLUSIONS: The present observational study highlights the need for more intensive treatment of lipid abnormalities, particularly among high-risk patients. Recognizing several important limitations related to the observational nature of the study, the findings suggest the possibility AZD1480 solubility dmso that, in addition to optimizing adherence, there remains an important need to titrate current statin therapy

to higher doses and potentially use a combination of lipid-modifying treatments (once the statin dose has been truly maximized) to further bridge the gap between evidence-based medicine and current Canadian practice.”
“Cones with peak sensitivity to light at long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelengths are unequal in number on the human retina: S cones are rare (<10%) while increasing in fraction from center to periphery, and the L/M cone proportions are highly variable between individuals. What optical properties of the eye, and statistical properties of natural scenes, might drive this organization? We found that the spatial-chromatic structure of natural scenes was largely symmetric between the L, M and S sensitivity bands.

The primary treatment of ICDs in PD is discontinuation of DA therapy. Not all patients can tolerate this, however, due to worsening motor symptoms and/or DA withdrawal selleck screening library syndrome (a severe, stereotyped drug withdrawal syndrome similar to that of other psychostimulants). While psychiatric medications are frequently used to treat ICDs in the general population, there is no empirical evidence to suggest that they are effective in PD. Given the paucity of treatment options and potentially serious consequences of ICDs in PD, it is critical for patients to be monitored closely for their development. As empirically validated treatments for ICDs emerge, it will also be important to examine their

efficacy and tolerability in individuals TGF-beta inhibitor with comorbid PD. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Background and Objectives

Despite growing demand for transfusion, the number of voluntary young blood donors has steadily decreased over recent years in Japan. This study aimed to develop an easy-to-use survey tool to assess barriers and

motivators to blood donation among Japanese university students.

Materials and Methods

We conducted cross-sectional studies at two universities in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, in December 2011 (Stage 1) and February 2012 (Stage 2) using self-administered questionnaires. A short list of motivators and barriers to blood donation was developed from the open-ended questions asked of 50 students in Stage 1. In the Stage 2, we asked 105 students how important these items were when they decided whether or not to donate blood. Items showing a significant difference between donors and non-donors were kept in the final list.

Results

Overall, 56% of the 100 participants analysed in Stage 2 were men, and ages ranged from 19 to 24 with a median of 20years. Comparison of motivators and barriers between donors and non-donors revealed that only barrier item 8 (‘Frightened by blood donation’) showed a significant

difference (P=0 center dot 0006) in an expected direction and with a consistency between two universities.

Conclusions

This Pevonedistat supplier study identified fear as being the most significant barrier to blood donation among Japanese university students, which could be used as a single convenient indicator to assess their readiness to donate. More academic and clinical efforts are needed to understand and address students’ fear towards blood donation in order to increase the donor pool in Japan.”
“Bedbugs are small parasites that feed exclusively on blood from vertebrates, including humans. Attention to these parasites largely disappeared until the past decade, when their incidence grew sharply due to increased international travel, use of less-effective insecticides, and growing insecticide resistance among bedbugs. Bedbugs can be found virtually anywhere, including homes, offices, hotels, and hospitals.

Three out of four patients experienced an improved control of glucose levels with a HbA1c of 5.2%, 7% and 6% respectively at 1.5, 2 and 15 years follow-up. Compared with the pretransplant period, there was a 50% reduction in mean daily insulin needs. Pulmonary function remained satisfactory in all patients. In conclusion, our cases series shows that combined bilateral lung and pancreatic islet transplantation

may be a viable therapeutic option for patients with end-stage CF and CFRD.”
“The microstructural evolution of Nd-rich grain boundary phases (GBP) in www.selleckchem.com/products/Pazopanib-Hydrochloride.html connection with triple junction phases (TJP) during post-sintering annealing (PSA) was investigated. The Cu-rich TJP in the as-sintered sample was mostly a fcc-NdO phase but the GBP were a mixture of h-Nd2O3 and Nd phases. The fcc-NdO of the TJP in the as-sintered state gradually transformed to h-Nd2O3 during the first and the second PSA steps. However, it transformed to a C-Nd2O3 phase as both a massive form such as TJP and a thin GBP after the modified second PSA step. This suggests that the mechanism for the formation of metastable C-Nd2O3 may not be solely the interface energy. In contrast, the mixture of h-Nd2O3 and Nd of the GBP in the as-sintered state gradually transformed to C-Nd2O3 which is embedded in the amorphous matrix as the PSA goes from the

first https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4032.html to second or modified second PSA step. The formation of the C-Nd2O3 GBP with an amorphous phase is the main factor for increasing the coercivity (from 21.8 to 30.4 kOe) after the second or modified second PSA step. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3561805]“
“We describe a case of nevirapine-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) requiring liver transplantation. Five weeks prior to admission, a 57-year-old female with HIV infection had been switched to a nevirapine-based Epigenetics inhibitor regimen of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with a CD4 cell count of 695/mm3. Examination of the explanted native liver at initial transplantation revealed massive hepatic necrosis consistent with drug-induced

liver injury. Primary graft nonfunction complicated the early postoperative course and liver retransplantation was required. On follow-up 2 years later, she remains in good health with an undetectable viral load on an efavirenz-based regimen of HAART. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful liver transplantation following SJS and FHF.”
“We demonstrate that the fast initial decay of a prototypical fluorescent polymer based organic light emitting diode device is related to the contribution that triplet-triplet annihilation makes to the device efficiency. We show that, during typical operating conditions, approximately 20% of the device efficiency originates from the production of singlet excitons by triplet-triplet annihilation.

DSC was also used to measure nonisothermal crystallization kinetics at low cooling rates. Extrapolation of isothermal crystallization half-times of Z-N catalyzed LLDPE resin using the isothermal half-time analysis led to erroneous predictions, ACY-738 ic50 possibly due to Z-N LLDPE consisting of a mixture of molecules having different amounts of short chain branching (comonomer). However, predicted reciprocal half-times at high supercoolings, using isothermal half-time analysis and using nonlinear regression of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics measured at low cooling rates using the differential Nakamura model, of the HDPE were similar to measured reciprocal half times at high supercoolings

of a similar HDPE by Patki and Phillips. It is also shown that the differential Nakamura model can be effectively used to model nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of HDPE resins. (C) 2011

Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Background: The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer are non-resectable and jaundiced at presentation. Methods of palliation in such patients with locally advanced disease comprise endoscopic placement of a biliary endoprosthesis or surgical bypass.

Methods: This retrospective study compared morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, readmission rate and survival in consecutive patients with incurable locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Results: We identified a total of 56 patients, of whom 33 underwent endoscopic stenting and 23 underwent check details a surgical bypass consisting of a hepaticojejunostomy-en-Y selleck screening library and a gastrojejunostomy. There were no significant differences in complication or mortality rates between

patients undergoing palliative stenting and those undergoing palliative surgery. However, after excluding admissions for chemotherapy-related problems, the number of readmissions expressed as a percentage of the group population size was greater in stented patients compared with biliary bypass patients (39.4% vs. 13.0%, respectively; P < 0.05). Overall survival amongst patients undergoing palliative bypass was significantly greater than in stented patients (382 days vs. 135 days, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusions: On analysis of these data and the published literature, we conclude that surgical bypass represents an effective method of palliation for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients need to be carefully selected with regard to both operative risk and perceived overall survival.”
“Defects in an ultrathin Au/La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO(3)/SrTiO(3) (Au/LSMO/STO) heterostructure displaying electroresistive behavior were studied using variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy. Vacancy-like defects were found to be the dominant positron traps in the LSMO and STO thin perovskite oxides with a number density >10(17) cm(-3) and 2 x 10(17) cm(-3) in the STO substrate.

The mean duration of post-therapy crusting or scaling was 6.3 +/- 3.0 days, and post-therapy erythema lasted 2.8 +/- 4.6 days.

CONCLUSION

We suggest that CO(2) FS used with a combination of two different treatment modes may provide a new treatment algorithm for acne scars in Asians.

The authors have indicated Selleck Dactolisib no significant interest with commercial supporters.”
“In patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), the association between supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), type of pathophysiology, and therapeutic interventions in a population-based cohort warrants further examination. A retrospective, longitudinal 15-year data set (1996-2010) was analyzed. Inclusion criteria included age

AG-014699 concentration a parts per thousand currency sign17 years, enrolled in South Carolina State Medicaid,

and diagnosed as having one or more CHDs as well as SVT. SVT was diagnosed in 6.5 % of CHD patients (N = 1,169) during the 15-year epoch investigated. SVT was less likely to occur in African-American (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76) or male patients (HR = 0.88), but it was significantly more likely to occur in patients age a parts per thousand currency sign12 months or in adolescents a parts per thousand yen13 years in those undergoing multiple surgeries/medical interventions for their CHD (HR = 1.14), those receiving antiarrhythmic/diuretic/preload-/afterload-reducing medications (HR = 5.46), and those with severe/cyanotic CHDs (HR = 1.52) or chromosomal abnormalities (HR = 1.64). Children who had an atrial septal defect secundum (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.03) and those treated with diuretic or antiarrhythmic medication (aOR = 1.80) were CP-456773 order significantly more likely to undergo SVT ablation, whereas those with late-onset pulmonary hypertension (ages 6-12 years old) were significantly less likely to undergo SVT ablation. SVT recurred in only 14 of 166 patients

who underwent SVT ablation. Multiple medical interventions at an early age may increase the risk of SVT occurrence in young CHD patients regardless of the severity/complexity of the CHD.”
“LH surges are the start of a period of optimal endometrial receptivity. Missing these surges in an unstimulated-cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) based on ultrasound alone might lead to incorrect timing of embryo transfer. This prospective, non-randomized trial established the incidence and effect of spontaneous LH surges on ongoing pregnancy rates and assessed the use of ultrasound without LH monitoring in planning FET. All patients undergoing unstimulated-cycle FET in the study centre over a 2-year period were included in this analysis (n = 233). All patients had regular menstrual cycles. Serum LH analysis took place before human chorionic gonadotrophin administration. The main outcome measure was ongoing pregnancy. LH surges occurred in over half of patients. Overall pregnancy rate was 34.3%.